Bioinformatics

emerging. This method was called Next Generation Sequencing (NGS). These methods are known to be more accurate, efficient, and cost effective than earlier sequencing methods. NGS technologies tend to be fundamentally different, rely heavily on bioinformatics and all have benefits and drawbacks to their utilization (Pabinger et al., 2014). In 1990, the Human Genome Project launched. This project was focused on sequencing and gene identification of the entire human genome using NGS methods…

Bioinformatics coursework- report on IL2RG IL2RG (Interleukin 2 receptor, gamma) serves as a receptor for cytokines IL2, IL4, IL7, IL15 and IL21 (Brandt et al, 2007). The binding of IL2 regulates the activation, differentiation and proliferation of lymphatic cells through both positive and negative feedback loops. It prevents autoimmune diseases during the maturation of T cells, as well as playing a key role in cell-mediated immunity (Liao et al, 2011). The IL2RG gene is located on the…

The aim of the data analysis exercise was to determine genetic relationships between the HSP70 amino acid chains of fourteen different organisms. The data produced was an identification table, a sequence alignment diagram and a cladogram. In cladograms the branches are not representative of the evolutionary time that has occurred. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are in a class of proteins called molecular chaperones. (Kiang, J.; G, Tsokos. 1998). They are present in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes,…

“Founder of Mars One, Bas Lansdorp, is in favour of Ubuntu, a Linux distro, to colonise Mars”(Banerjee). Linux, a small operating system that started with a few lines of code in 1991, quickly grew to compete with Microsoft's Windows operating system in only a few years. Since then, the debate over which choice is better has been ceaseless, although new developments may tip the debate in the favor of Linux. Linux is not only free, but the driving philosophy behind Linux is that it should always…

For many decades, linkage analysis has been well-established and shown to be an effective tool for studying the complex quantitative traits. Despite of its great successes, this approach has great weakness because it only captures limited allelic diversity existing in two parental lines and also limited in low genomic resolution (Borevitz and Nordborg 2003). To address this issue, GWAS utilizing diverse germplasm collections and recombination events that have been accumulated during the…

Recombinant DNA is genetically engineered DNA that is formed by splicing fragments of DNA. Organismal cloning is the artificial creation of a new organism that is genetically identical to its counterpart. DNA cloning is a recombinant DNA technique where cDNAs and fragments of genomic DNA are inserted into a cloning vector and maintained during growth of the host cells. Vector is an agent that transfers genetic material into a cell or organism. Restriction enzymes are bacterial enzymes that find…

Lou works for a pharmaceutical company as a Bioinformatics specialist and one of his pronounced abilities is the way he can locate patterns in data, in a way that a “normal” person nor a computer couldn’t even comprehend, he was indeed very intelligent. Lou and his other autistic co-workers, known as…

Background: Francisella tularensis (F.tularensis) is the etiological microorganism for tularemia. There are different forms of tularemia such as respiratory tularemia. Respiratory tularemia is the most severe form of tularemia with a high rate of mortality; if not treated. Therefore, traditional microbiological tools and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) are not useful for a rapid, reliable, accurate, sensitive and specific diagnosis. But, DNA microarray technology does. DNA microarray technology…

Lethal and sub-lethal effects of Cu on the embryonic/larval metabolic profiles were assessed separately due to the occurrence of high mortalities between 18 and 42 hrs exposure of embryos to 50.3 ugL-1 bioavailable Cu. To first investigate the underlying structure of the data, Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) was performed as an unsupervised classification method to identify inherent sample groupings. Euclidean distance and Ward’s criterion were selected as the measure of distance and…

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Artificial Intelligence (AI) can be defined as a subfield of computer science closely tied with biology and cognitive science. It is concerned with computing techniques and models that simulate and investigate intelligent behavior. Research into artificial intelligence builds upon our understanding of the brain, its evolutionary development, and provides insights into the way the brain works, as well as the larger process of biological evolution. Artificial Intelligence…