Biofilm

of wine per week were 40 percent less likely to catch a cold. sick photo 3. Improves Dental Health According to the Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, when bacteria gets into the mouth, it forms biofilms, which in turn produces plaque and teeth-damaging acid. In a study, biofilms were dipped into a variety of liquids. The most effective for getting rid of bacteria? Red wine. dentist photo 4. Boosts Memory A study was conducted on memory improvement and resveratrol, (an antioxidant…

infect the macrophages (Brinster .S. et al., 2007). Clinical and environmental isolates have high quorum sensing capacity with ElrA gene (Monika and Eliza 2012). 2.7 Ebp: They are responsible genes for forming the pili and affect in the formation of biofilm (Nallapreddy et al., 2006). These genes products such as pili mediate the adherence to the host cells like platelets, fibrinogen and collagen proteins. (Nallapareddy et al., 2011). Other Virulence Factors: The below mentioned genes and their…

highest of 88% 16S rRNA gene with max score base match of 636 bases. For a significant identification, 97% value would be needed. The MIC assay showed the isolate being resistant to all concentrations of ampicillin as the bacteria grew and formed biofilms in each one. For the DDA, the isolate bacteria did not grow abundantly throughout the ampicillin or the positive control as expected, although, it did have susceptibility to ciprofloxacin. However, this susceptibility became weaker as the first…

efflux. Second, Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) that the genes in bacteria acquire to become resistant. HGT can cause multidrug resistance in a genetic event which make the bacteria become resistance. Third, the ability of bacteria that they can form biofilm while they are being infected. The bacteria provide themselves protection to against the drug therapy physically and physiologically. Also, duplication or amplification of genome’ parts that recombines the repeated sequences in genome and can…

Introduction Caries management by risk assessment (CAMBRA) is a strategy for caries prevention that looks at risk factors specific to the individual and what interventions should occur in order to lower or eliminate the risk factors present. There are four categories of risk levels: low-risk, moderate-risk, high-risk, and extreme-risk. Patients are assessed by risk factors and treated accordingly. The CAMBRA protocol varies for each patient and aims to provide education and treatment to either…

What is biodiversity? Introduction Biodiversity is defined as the variety of life on Earth at all its levels and includes genes to ecosystems, as well as the ecological and evolutionary processes that sustain it (Cardinale, 2012). The Earth’s biodiversity has long been a source of wonderment and scientific curiosity, but is increasingly becoming a source of concern. The sheer diversity of life is of inestimable value. Biodiversity has a number of functions on Earth, from providing a foundation…

HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE. Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia as PJP first came into attention Central and Eastern Europe during WWII as malnourished and premature infants began to suffer from a case of interstitial pneumonia (Bennett and Gilroy, 2016). The disease then came into the forefront in the medical world with the outbreak of malnourishment of Iranian children in the 1950s (Stringer et al, 2002). In 1981, there were 5 reported cases of homosexual men suffering with PJP as well (Bennett and…

S.aureus can be sensitized to B-lactams by preventing WTA biosynthesis through inactivation of TarO, which catalyses the first step of the WTA pathway(Maki,Campbell). This identified WTA biosynthesis as an attractive target for novel strategies to treat MRSA. WTAs are structurally diverse anionic polymers covalently attached to PG(Vollmer,Swoboda) and in S.aureus consist of a polyribitol-phosphate backbone of 11-40 repeating units(Xia10) decorated with three tailoring modifications:…

continuous dosing. The 20-mg twice per day dose exerts its therapeutic effect by enzyme, cytokine, and osteoclast inhibition, rather than by any antibiotic effect. The use of systemic host modulatory therapy may not only improve the patient’s periodontal condition but also provide systemic benefits for other inflammatory disorders with related tissue destruction, such as arthritis, cardiovascular disease, dermatologic conditions, diabetes and osteoporosis. SDD is indicated in the management of…

ingivitis is one of the periodontal disease that is characterized by the changes in color, consistency, and contour of the gingiva tissues. The reasons for these changes might be due to the presence of plaque, and in this case it can be modified by systemic diseases (diabetes) , the use of certain medications (anticonvulsant, immunosuppressant, calcium channel blocking agents), and malnutrition (lack of vitamin C). In case it is not induced by the accumulation of plaque, it might be caused by…