Bicarbonate

The nurse will want to listen to see how loud the heart murmur is. Once she listens she will need to rate the murmur on a scale of 1 to 6, with 6 being the loudest. When listening to the murmur the nurse needs to note on what position on the heart the murmur is located. For example, is it on the back of the heart? She should listen to the pitch of the murmur. It is high, medium or low-pitched. What things affects the sounds. Does moving the infant or laying the infant in a certain position.…

The Chemistry of Baking If there is one thing in the world that brings people together, it is food. No matter who a person may be, or what their background is, everyone can enjoy an excellently crafted dish. In particular, many people enjoy selections of pastries, sweets, and bread. There are hundreds to thousands of crafted desserts and bread around the world. When a person first bites into a macaroon, slice of asiago bread, or a perfectly-shaped chocolate chip cookie, they might not consider…

Measurement of glutathione Glutathione (GSH) is a ubiquitous tripeptide which serves several vital functions including detoxifying electrophiles, scavenging free radicals and providing a reservoir for cysteine. The sulfhydryl group of GSH reduces 5-5'-dithiobis (2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB) and form the yellow colour product 5-thio-2-nitrobenzoic acid (TNB)21. Measurement of the absorbance of TNB at 412 nm provides an accurate estimation of GSH in the sample. Figure 7. Materials 5×105 cells/mL…

Listeria Monocytogene is a gram positive rod shaped organism which can cause serious infections like meningitis, invasive gastroenteritis and endocarditis. Every year 1600 people in United States get affected, with significant mortality of 260 people annually. Listeria gastroenteritis has the third highest mortality rate among all the food born infection. Invasive listeriosis most commonly affect Pregnant women, extreme of ages, people with co morbid disease and weakened immune response. We here…

Introduction: Photosynthesis is the process used by plants, algae and some bacteria, to use the energy from the sunlight to transform carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. The equation for photosynthesis is: carbon dioxide + water light energy glucose + oxygen. Chloroplasts are an organelle found in the leaves of green plants and are essential in photosynthesis as they are responsible for producing the glucose and storing the energy. Photosynthesis is vital for all life on…

The Scientists infected one of the smallest and most abundant photosynthetic microbes on the plant Synechococcus, with cyanophages that belonged to either the Red sea or the English channel. Initially the bacteria was fed bicarbonate and baking soda which contained CO2, they used baking soda that contained radioactive carbon as this enabled them to accurately measure how much carbon the bacteria was fixing. After a couple of hours the scientists brought in the viruses, the result…

Synthesis of PEG-RAFT agent The synthesis of the macro PEG -RAFT agent, Chain Transfer Agent (CTA), was performed by esterification method. Briefly, RAFT agent (0.4 g, 1.5 mmol) and dihydroxyl PEG (2g, 0.5 mmol) were dissolved in 35 mL of DCM in a 250 mL round bottom flask equipped with a magnetic stirrer. Then, it was placed in an ice bath (0 ºC); Next, DCC (0.25 g, 1.2 mmol) and DMAP (0.015 g, 0.12 mmol) were added. After 30 min of stirring at 0 °C, the reaction temperature is elevated to room…

1. On presentation, this patient’s overdose has resulted in the following symptoms: bradycardia, bradypnea, hypotension, hypothermia, hypoxia, and non-responsive to pain. For this patient, an endotracheal tube would be placed to protect the airway and start mechanical ventilation, since the patient is having difficulty maintaining spontaneous ventilation. This will also protect the airway from potential aspiration. Continuous oxygen therapy at 100% to help improve the patient’s hypoxia.…

capacity to extract them, they overflow into urine (ie, ketonuria). If the situation is not treated promptly, a greater accumulation of organic acids leads to frank clinical metabolic acidosis (ie, ketoacidosis), with a significant drop in pH and bicarbonate serum levels. Respiratory compensation for this acidotic condition results in rapid shallow breathing (Kussmaul respirations). Ketones/ketoacids/hydroxy acids, in particular, beta-hydroxybutyrate, induce nausea and vomiting that consequently…

List A: Microbiology of Inflammatory COPD Exacerbation Microbiology Results Indication Sodium Level 142 mmol/L Normal Potassium Level 5.1 mmol/L Normal Chloride Level 101 mmol/L Normal Bicarbonate Level 29 mmol/L Normal Urea Level 7.3 mmol/L High (2.9–7.1 mmol/L) Creatinine 91 umol/L Normal eGFR CKD-EPI 73 mL/min/1.73m^2 Normal Bilirubin Total 10 umol/L Normal Protein Total Level 68 g/L Normal Albumin Level 28 g/L Low (35–55 g/L) ALP 68 U/L Normal GGT 16 U/L Normal ALT 29 U/L Normal AST 22…