Beta blocker

agonists have anxiogenic effects (for example, Ro15-4513) or convulsive effects (certain beta-carbolines)6,7 and yohimbine on α2A-adrenergic receptors8. Undeniably, many drugs previously believed to be competitive antagonists have recently been shown to act as inverse agonists and it can be expected that several more inverse agonists will be…

treatment on hypertension is to lower the level of blood pressure based on the recent research information. Diuretics such as hydrochlorothiazide are used to decreases excess fluid volume so as to decrease hypertension. In addition to diuretics, beta blockers such as Metaprolol is effective medication to control sympathetic nervous system to reduce cardiac output, increase diameter of blood vessel, and lower the blood pressure (Kee & Hayes,…

Overview of The Myocyte The myocyte is composed of various protein filaments that comprise the contractile apparatus of the cardiac cell. Myofibrils, a collection of individual sarcomeres, enable contraction and relaxation of the myocyte. The sarcomere is the chief contractile unit of the cell. It is made up of two main proteins, myosin (thick filament) and actin (thin filament), as well as two regulatory proteins, tropomyosin and troponin. In order for the myocyte to contract and shorten it…

MITRAL STENOSIS Mitral stenosis is the narrowing of inlet valve into the left ventricle leading to an obstruction of inflow of blood from left atrium to the left ventricle during diastole. HEMODYNAMICS: Fibrosis of mitral ring, commissural adhesions and contracture of valve leaflets result in mitral stenosis. Due to the obstruction caused by the mitral stenosis left atrial pressure increases, which results in hypertrophy of left atrium. Increased left atrial pressurein turn increases pulmonary…

The patient under assessment is Harold Owen who is a male at the age of 79. Owen is cognitively weakened or incapacitated. The patient is nervous and has an empty gaze. Owen follows instructions and is able to respond to straightforward questions from time to time. At the current stage, Owen is attempting to stand up and stroll, however, he needs help. Even though Owen is able to take his medications, he frequently asks for a drink. Owen has been diagnosed with Hypertension (HTN), also…

Mental illness is a widespread problem that has touched the lives of countless Americans. Based in Lexington, NC, Daymark Recovery Services is a recovery facility offering detox and addiction treatment, as well as counseling for mental illness and depression. These experts say while successful mental health treatment often involves a multi-pronged approach, medications can serve as a useful part of the protocol. Below are three types of medications used in mental health treatment:…

The mitral valve is a valve that allows blood flow from one chamber of the heart, the left atrium, to another called the left ventricle. In mitral valve prolapse, the valve slips backward due to the abnormal size of or damage to the mitral valve tissues. Mitral valve prolapse is a common cause of a heart murmur caused by a "leaky" heart valve. For most people with mitral valve prolapse, the cause is unknown. It can be caused by conditions in which cartilage is abnormal (connective tissue…

I am going to be doing Long QT Syndrome because it is something I can relate to in real life. Long QT syndrome is a disorder of your heart and affects electrical activity. The symptoms of Long QT are dizziness, unexplained fainting, feeling faint, and black outs WIth a bad enough symptom and no treatment then it can cause uncontrollable arrhythmias and maybe even death. A fun fact is that I actually have long QT Syndrome. So every year I go to the cardiologist to get a heart monitor. I also…

Introduction: Pharmacogenomics is the study of how genes affect an individual’s response to drugs. This is a new field that combines pharmacology (the science of drugs) and genomics (the study of genes and their functions) to develop fruitful, safe medicines and doses that will be customized to a human genetic makeup. Now drugs that are available are “one size fits all,” but they do not effective for every person. It is very tough to augur that a person get benefit from drug or not, and…

lifestyle changes such as reduction if alcohol intake, smoking, and stress, losing weight, exercise, and healthy diet. The second method is through drug therapy and includes medications such as diuretics, beta blockers, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, and calcium-channel blockers. Prevention of this disease simply includes lifestyle changes. These changes consist of regular aerobic exercise, limiting your intake of salt and alcoholic beverages, eating a diet rich in fruits and…