Benzoic acid

deionized water and the following chemicals: sodium hydroxide, potassium hydrogen phthalate, hydrochloric acid and sodium bicarbonate. When it comes to these chemicals, make sure to wear the general protective personal equipment and handle with caution because these chemicals can burn. (MSDS Solution Center) For week one, the students first had to prepare the sodium hydroxide and the hydrochloric acid. Both of these were done by taking a graduated cylinder and measuring 8.3 milliliters of the…

Benzimidazole and its derivatives were synthesized according to the reported literature (Wagner EC et al., 1943). The compounds are benzimidazole ;1-(4-((1H-benzimidazol-1-yl) methylamino) phenyl) ethanone; 2-butyl-1H-benzimidazole; 2-methyl-1H-benzimidazole. The stock solutions are prepared by dissolving the compound in DMSO. Antimicrobial activity was tested by the disc-diffusion method under standard conditions using Mueller-Hinton Agar (MHA) and the antibiotics used as listed below, Table…

Lead concentrations can be measured in various body tissues or by measuring the biomarkers of the toxic effects of lead. The concentration of lead in the body has been measured in blood, bone, nails, hair, teeth, urine, faces and saliva for screening and diagnostic purposes. In all samples, specimen collection, storage and processing must be meticulously performed to avoid contamination of the samples with lead in the surrounding environment. Teeth, nail and bone reflect long term exposure to…

Using a specific example discuss a possible target for the development of anti-mycobacterial therapeutics ATP synthase is a main enzyme used to produce ATP in respiration of a cell. It makes use of a proton gradient in the mitochondrial cell membrane to generate ATP. By transporting protons back across the membrane, using ADP and a phosphate ion to create ATP. Normally most bacteria can gain enough ATP to grow optimally through substrate level phosphorylation, however it has been shown that M.…

Draw resonance structures showing all the positions at which the positive charge is delocalized on the aromatic ring in the phenonium ion. If a methoxy group (-OCH3) or a nitro group (–NO2) were substituted in the 4-position on the aromatic ring, how would the stability of the phenonium ion change? Compare methoxy substituted, nitro substituted and unsubstituted, and order them by increasing stability. Explain your answer thoroughly. 2) Benzopinacol and benzopinacolone have nearly…

essential component of a neutralization reaction. When this compound along with an acidic compound (HCl) dissociates, it react and form neutralized components such as water and a salt. This is an ideal mechanism of action for individuals who suffer from acid reflux or heartburn conditions because the excessive HCl that is found in the stomach can be alleviated by ingesting antacid tablets. This experiment explored the effectiveness of different antacids base on the number of HCl moles…

Acid rain results in many ecological effects, with the most severe of these affects being its impact on lakes, streams, and aquatic environments in general. It negatively affects marine life, because acid rain makes waters acidic, causing the absorption of Aluminum; which is a combination that threatens some aquatic animals. As the acidity of water increases, the number of fish and marine animals in general decline. Although, there are some species that are able to survive in acidic water,…

Concentration of Acetic Acid in Vinegar Nalebra Barnett, AAHCA, BSHA University of Central Oklahoma General Chemistry II Lab March 28, 2017 Dr. Lane Whitesell Lab 12. Concentration of Acetic Acid in Vinegar. This laboratory is to determine the concentration of acetic acid in vinegar using molarity and percent by mass of acetic acid in vinegar. This means, vinegar is a crucial solution of acetic acid (HC2H302) in water. Molarity (in mole/L), or mass percent expressed the…

proteins work because they are essential to our health. Without proteins our bodies would not be able to form vital bodily components such as enzymes, and antibodies. A protein is defined as “large molecules consisting of one or more chains of amino acids in a certain order, determined by the base sequence of nucleotides in the base sequence of nucleotides in the DNA coding for the protein” (Medicine net). Insulins formula is C254H377N65O75S6 and its molecular mass is 5808 Da. When the protein…

bottle rocket to go farther. Chemical Reaction Vinegar is an acetic acid. When an acetic acid and baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) are mixed together, three new chemicals are formed, Water (H2O), carbon dioxide (co2), and sodium acetate (C2H3Na02). When one of the three chemical atoms breaks off, it creates the chemical reaction. Vinegar Vinegar is an acetic acid, which is produced by the fermentation of ethanol by acetic acid bacteria (Google.com/vinegar). For the purpose of the experiment,…