Benign tumor

Common tumors are often caused by mutations in the genes that may potentially lead to varying protein structures, which do not correlate with their proper functions (1). Majority of these mutations arise as a result of substituting one nucleotide base pair for another, but a significant number are also from adding or removing one of more of these nucleotides that ultimately disrupts protein translation (1). One of the mutated genes linked to cancer is BRCA1 (2,3,4). BRCA1 stops tumor growth by…

certain dog breeds, such as boxers and bull terriers. Usually, it is hereditary and you cannot do much to prevent it except for keep an eye on your dog's mouth. 6) Mouth tumors. These appear as lumps in the gums. They must be tested by a veterinarian to determine if they are benign or malignant. Surgically removing the tumors is the only way to treat this problem. 7) Salivary…

and developmental abnormalities due to brain tumors, attention deficits, and cognitive impairments. Neurofibromatosis is a neurological disease that is caused by a mutation on the gene that codes for a protein called neurofibromin. Neurofibromin maintains the job of the protein called “ras” in regulation. Ras ensures the regulation of cell division, so when a mutation occurs, the cells do not know when to stop dividing, thus causing tumors. These tumors grow underneath the skin, on the nerves,…

carcinomas. The type of cancer generally depends on whether the Turcot syndrome is more similar to Lynch syndrome or FAP. The two most common types of brain tumors in Turcot syndrome are glioblastoma or medulloblastoma. Choice “E” is not the best answer. Von Hippel–Lindau (VHL) disease is a genetic disorder characterized by visceral cysts and benign tumors in multiple organ systems. These cysts have a high potential to develop into malignancies. Clinical hallmarks of VHL disease include the…

A study that was recently featured in a Time Magazine article and also published in the Journal of General Internal Medicine , showed that 45% of the 466 academic physicians in the Chicago area disclosed that they have prescribed a placebo for a patient. It has led to initiating a discussion about the deception in general in medicine and in specific ethics of prescribing placebos. A placebo is defined as a biologically inactive treatment. it could be a sugar pill. Any perceived benefit that a…

cancer, and lymphoma. The symptoms vary depending on the type of cancer is active. Most of the them are detected after a tumor is felt or when other symptoms start to develop. It can also be detected in blood, urine, or incidentally by reason of evaluating or treating other medical problems (“Cancer Center”). Stages of cancer refer to the extent of the cancer, such as how large the tumor is , and if it has spread throughout the body (“Cancer Staging”). Cells become cancer because of damaged…

metabolism, growth, and development” (“WMD”). Thyroxine, also called T4, is the main hormone in the thyroid. Thyroid cancer occurs when the cells in your thyroid go through changes. The changes allow cells to grow and multiply. These abnormal cells form a tumor. “The abnormal cells can invade nearby tissue and can spread throughout the body” (“Staff”). “According to the National Cancer Institute, there are about 56,000 new cases of thyroid cancer in the US each year. Thyroid cancer can occur in…

Colon cancer is cancer of the large intestine (colon), the lower part of your digestive system. Most colon cancer cases begin as small, noncancerous or benign clusters of cells called adenomatous polyps. Over long periods time some of these polyps can potentially become colon cancers. Polyps may be small and can cause few, if any at all, symptoms. Because of this reason, doctors tend to recommend having regular screening tests to help prevent colon cancer by recognising and removing polyps…

BHD is likely. Skin Patients with BHD (90%) are likely to have skin lesions. There are several different types of skin disorders with BHD, but the most common is a benign hair follicle tumor known as fibrofolliculomas. The fibrofolliculomas appears as pale skin bumps especially on the face, ears, neck, and the upper torso. Tumors can be anywhere from a few to hundreds. It usually starts to show in patients’ 20s and 30s and gets worse as they age. Usually 80% of BHD gets it by the age over 40s.…

lithotomy position, when your legs are elevated and spread open. The whole uterus was examined from the cervix and the fundus. The tumor was then measured to see how far inside it is in the endometrium and myometrium junction. According to Frahauf (2017), the myometrial invasion was a subjective assessment that shows the size, proportion and vascular patterns of the tumor through dynamic test. The objective assessment requires the subjective assessment of endometrial and determination of its…