Benign tumor

Each of us face obstacles with various degrees of difficulty in our lives. Meeting those challenges and working hard to deal with them can become an everyday struggle. The sources of those obstacles can be as varied as their impact on those who face them. I have three obstacles in my life, all medically related, that I have to face daily. I was born with a cataract in my right eye that had to be surgically removed when I was 3 weeks old. This procedure left me with no vision in that eye and a…

In recent years, thyroid nodules have become one of the common endocrine problems in the United States. The vast majority of thyroid nodules detected during physical examination are benign; however, 5-10% of palpable nodules prove to be malignant on biopsy (1, 2). On palpation, a solid thyroid nodule has a higher chance of being malignant (3,4). The American Thyroid Association and the American Society of Radiologists in the United States have defined various ultrasound (US) based prognostic…

When a person has three thyroid nodules present, they are usually recommended to have a Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA) with a guided ultrasound. Once the sample is collected and sent for testing a cytotechnologist and then a pathologist will interrupt the results. When I was doing my clinical rotations for my certificate in cytology I was told that thyroid FNAs were considered our “bread and butter”. Now, I didn’t realize what that meant at that time in my career, I just thought okay, this…

has enabled surgeons with magnified superior visualization of tumor margins and extensions in the "blind zones" of the skull base.Endoscopic approaches graduated from wide middle meatal antrostomy to Modified denker's approach stepwise depending on exposure required for excision and surgical manouverability.In case of massive tumor size, staged resections were planned to reduce morbidity.Endoscopic approch allows radical excision of tumor with minimal invasive ness and reduced morbidity with aid…

treat glioblastoma, and Afinitor can be used to treat benign tumors. Drugs approved for brain tumors: Afinitor (Everolimus), Afinitor Disperz, Avastin, Becenum, Bevacizumab, BiCNU, Carmubris, Carmustine, Carmustine Implant, Gliadel, Gliadel wafer, Lomustine, Methazolastone, Temodar, Temozolommide, and PCV.…

large and brightly eosinophilic which is likely the staining of the mitochondria within the cell. The combination of the eosinophilic staining and poorly formed follicles, likely makes this tumor follicular cell tumor more specifically a Hurthle Cell. It is likely Hurthle Cell because this is the type of tumor which would stain this way. The reason that this is more likely a carcinoma is the identification of angiolymphatic invasion which is what is used to distinguish between…

Sensorineural hearing loss can result from acoustic trauma (or exposure to excessively loud noise), which may respond to medical therapy with corticosteroids to reduce cochlea hair cell swelling and inflammation to improve healing of these injured inner ear structures. Sensorineural hearing loss can occur from head trauma or abrupt changes in air pressure such as in airplane descent, which can cause inner ear fluid compartment rupture or leakage, which can be toxic to the inner ear. There has…

doesn’t recognize it has a defect or mutation and it starts to affect the shape of the cell. Once this mutated cell starts mitosis, it will regenerate a lot of undifferentiated cells, which turn into a neoplasm or tumor. Some tumors are benign and do not cause any problems, but other tumors can be malignant or cancerous. Malignant cancer can spread to surrounding tissues, metastasize, and become invasive. Some cancers exist from the environment while others are inherited. Proliferation of the…

Neurofibromatosis Neurofibromatosis is a genetic disorder that causes tumors to develop on nervous tissue located in the brain, spinal cord, and nerves. “Genetics disorders are diseases that are received through an individual having an abnormality in DNA”(Genetic Science Learning Center, 2014). These irregularities range from single-base mutations on just one chromosome all the way up to receiving or removing an entire chromosome. In the case of neurofibromatosis, it is caused by an anomaly in…

Summary: All biological molecules contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. A carbohydrate (C,H,O) is a biological molecule consisting of hydrogen , carbon, and oxygen atoms exclusively. They are the building blocks for polysaccharides, larger more complex carbohydrates. An example of a carbohydrate is glucose (the energy source for plants). Carbohydrates are the source of short term energy in organisms. Proteins (C,H,O,N) are made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen on a base level. Proteins…