the cliff. The survey route is a loop which runs around the outskirts of the scar, this route was kept consistent every day (fig.1). A group of seals that seem to only interact within a certain group and not with other seals, that may be close by, is defined as a seal cluster (Cunningham, et al. 2009). When a seal cluster was spotted, using binoculars, the number of seals (no.seals), number of people within 15m of the cluster (p.15m), precipitation level (precip), cloud cover percentage (cloud), wind speed (wind), air temperature (temp) and Beaufort Sea state (beau) were all recorded. Cloud cover was split into 4 groups, 0-25%, 25- 50%, 50-75% and 75-100%, depending on the percentage of cloud that could be seen in the sky. The precipitation was split into 4 groups, 0= no rain, 1= slight drizzle, 2= steady rain, 3= heavy rain and the Beaufort Sea state was determined using the Beaufort wind force scale (Beaufort Scale. 2016). The data collection method used was ‘Cybertracker’ (Liebenberg. N.A). This is a free downloadable program, for an Android device, which lets you design your own data collection survey (See Appendix B). Once the inputted data has been saved, Cybertracker also records the GPS coordinates of the sighting, the date and the time. This was then repeated for each cluster of seals spotted on the survey route. To record the wind speed and the air temperature, an LCD digital anemometer was used. For each recorded cluster, the anemometer was held in the…
especially those associated with the methodology of recording. Topography is known to perturb many climatic conditions associated with wind and turbulence. Effects of simple topography has been tested in wind tunnels extensively (Miller et al., 1987; Teunissen et al., 1987; Ruck and Adams, 1991). Thus, human understanding of wind patterns over simple terrains has solidified (Ruel, J, Pin, D and Cooper, K, 1998). The modern understanding refers to the idea of topographical compression and…
Thunderstorms come in all varieties, shapes, sizes, and destruction. There isn't just one type of thunderstorm. I can't cover all the different types, but the 3 main types of thunderstorms are multi cell, single cell, and supercell. I will cover these 3 main cells of a thunderstorm and how they work, and how they're different from each other. The first and smaller version of a thunderstorm would be considered a single celled storm. What is a single celled storm?, You may ask. Well a single…
Tornadoes vs. Hurricanes Wow! That’s a big storm. Hurricanes and tornadoes have a lot of similarities and differences. They can also vary in size and cause a lot of damage. The damages, wind speed, similarities, causes, and also watches. These are all sorts of facts about tornadoes and hurricanes. To begin with, there are all sorts of watches for a tornado and a hurricane. The watches for a tornado are 1 or 2 hours ahead of time before it is about to hit. If there’s a tornado there would be a…
Erik Larson, Isaac's Storm: A Man, a Time, and the Deadliest Hurricane in History. New York: Crown Publishers, 1999. 323 pages In the 1900’s, the chief weather man Isaac Cline thought the city of Galveston, Texas was untouchable by anything. In 1900, an immaculate hurricane hit this city. Water levels rose almost two stories high, and houses and cars were ripped from the ground. In “Isaacs Storm” Isaac Cline is telling stories of what happened during the storm, and the aftermath of it all.…
Hurricane and Tornado Essay Have you ever wondered about Hurricanes and Tornadoes? Hurricanes are a lot more destructive than tornadoes. Did you know they are both cyclonic? Cyclonic means circular. According to Meteorologist, Spencer Adkins, a hurricane can cause a tornado. By the way, a tornado can not cause a hurricane. The tornado can be in any spot of the hurricane, except for the eye. One fact about hurricanes and tornadoes would be that the appearances are very massive. To conclude…
Hurricane Katrina Storms, they are one of many natural disasters that occur on our earth. Going deeper we see one of the storms known as" Hurricanes ". These are a much more intense and violent version of a storm. Hurricanes occur rarely but when they do occur it is devastating. The more commonly know storms like Hurricane Katrina or Hurricane Patrica are some of the more deadly and crazy known storms. As we go over what hurricanes are and a certain disaster be thoughtful that hurricanes…
The Great Storm There was once a historic fight between the greek wind god and the sea god, which resulted in the creation of the natural disaster we now call hurricanes. The people would explain the great storm (hurricanes) as a fight or argument with the wind and the water god back in the Greek times. The argument first started with who would be able to do what? For example, who would create the storms and control over them?, or who would the storm go where? This ended in a argument against…
OUTLINE Hurricanes are enormous storms which have winds exerting great force upward and inward at very great speeds like 100 to 200mph. Every hurricane can last for over a week. A hurricane is a bit different from the usual cyclone. Cyclone winds have a very low speed of 9km. Hurricanes, cyclones and typhoons are all the same but with a different name. Meteorologists predict the changes in the weather and use different tools to measure changing condition in the atmosphere. The most common…
Hurricanes Hurricanes form when warm ocean water evaporates into energy. When the water vapor condenses it sends out energy. The energy builds up and drives the wind of the hurricane Once the hurricane is overland the energy reduces. Hurricane winds are not as strong as tornado wind. Hurricanes can last days. Hurricanes are hundreds of kilos wide. Hurricanes can cause big waves that can cause flooding. Tornadoes Many layers, of the tornado go in many different directions and speeds. Between…