Basilica of St. John Lateran

The clash between Pope Boniface VIII and King Philip IV of France began in the year 1296 over taxation of the French Clergy. Specifically, King Philip IV implemented taxes over the clergy and all other laymen of the French kingdom with a motive to fuel a war with King Edward I of England. Refuting this, Boniface asserted that no cleric was to pay taxes to a king without proper papal consent. If the clergy went against his commands, Boniface threatened excommunication to all who ignored him. Though on the surface it appeared as if the quarrel was over taxation, in reality it represented who had the ultimate control and power over the French Clergy. This conflict over influence between Philip and Boniface is commonly referred to as a “Crisis in the Late Medieval Church,” as it would later prove to have a huge impact on the future of the Papacy. To understand each side’s stance, it is useful to look at historical primary sources. Boniface’s position regarding the matter can be understood in Clericis laicos (source 7.18, RMA) and Unam sanctam (source 7.19, RMA). Philip’s stance is highlighted in Charges of Heresy against Boniface VIII (Source 7.20, RMA). Though certain aspects appeared to remain intact, a new relationship between the papacy and worldly rulers emerged as those of secular powers gained greater control. Being threatened by King Philip IV, the Papacy along with Pope Boniface VIII found themselves reiterating and reconfirming the values of the church to those…

The evolution of St Peter’s architecture within the High Renaissance and Baroque periods, were a direct response to the church reformations of the respective times. As the architectural forms evolved, the user’s experience has also changed. During the High Renaissance period, regular forms with straight and circular lines were used to achieve harmony and calmness with the buildings. It was a response to the Renaissance Humanism movement. The idealistic style of this period was reflected in…

"hospitals, convents, poor students, discharged soldiers, pilgrims, exiles, crippled and the sick" (O'Malley 180). During his eight years as Pope he was known for so much more then his lavash living as he reorganized the Roman University, promoted the study of literature and restoration of important structures. Pope Leo X also had a hand in the reconstruction of St. Peter's…

each explaining why? Thesis number 81: Is related to the licence given by the Pope to preach the pardons. this thesis helps us to understand Luther’s criticism of Papal authority. For him this kind of preaching, that at that time was considered Magisterium of the Church, was totally absurd and therefore the pope himself was loosing authority by approving it. The possible non-power of the pope could be the unveiling of Luther’s theology. Thesis number 82: He does not transcend his…

In both of are grand Christian mosaics. Comparing the mosaics they both contain gold plating throughout. The style of the individuals in both are also very similar in their look. Also in both of these Cathedrals is a large dome containing Christ and his 24 disciples. To contrast them, St Mark’s Basilica is far more detailed. There are multiple domes, and every space within the Cathedral seems to be filled with some form of art. While the Greek Orthodox Cathedral contains far less. In the Greek…

Vatican City is located where Roman Emperor Nero’s Circus was, and is centered around obelisk in the center where many Christians were martyred. It is also where St Peter was martyred and buried. It is said that Emperor Constantine in 326 AD, built a Basilica over his tomb, and building relating to the church quickly developed around the original Basilica. It is the center of Roman Catholicism and is home to the bishop of Rome, the pope. In Vatican city, you can also find other members of the…

her as human. An important factor of this piece is the universal hallmark of implied lines in order to create or echo the structure of the composition. This practice of implied lines is notable in many pieces of the time period and greatly impacted the appeal of these pieces to the viewers eyes. Geometric shapes, typically circles or triangles, are suggested through the projections of the participants position or physical gesture. These shapes serve as the central focus of the composition. In…

The artist I chose to do my paper on is Giovanni Paolo Panini and the name of the work is Interior of St. Peter’s, Rome by Gionanni Paolo Panini. This work is about the interior of the church called St. Peter’s Basilica and it was created in 1731 in Rome, Italy, Europe. This piece of work is a view painting of the interior of St’ Peter’s Basilica and since it is a church it is a religious and symbolic example of the piousness of the people of these times. Giovanni Paolo Pannini was born in 1691…

He is commissioned to not only create a portrait of Pope Paul V, but he is also given the opportunity to create a piece for St. Peter's Basilica, a massive honor. The papal portrait is far more restrained than his typical style. This is probably because the Pope was very conventional in comparison to his nephew. This sense of assertiveness is portrayed brilliantly in the subject’s posture and facial expression. Meant to serve as both an allusion to the heresy of the protestants and a…

perception in his work. Raphael had some amazing talents but they were often over looked by people because they were more interested Michelangelo and DaVinci works of art. Even though Raphael is often in the shadow of other artists, he was still one of the great artists of the Renaissance. Raphael Sanzio in Italian his name is pronounced Raffaello Sanzio he was born in the small town of Urbino, Italy on April 6th, 1483. Raphael received training early which was taught by his father, Raphael’s…