Basilar artery

Measurement of diffusing capacity (DLCO) One of the most clinically lung function test is diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO). In addition it's known as the transfer factor of the lung for CO (TLCO). This test measures the capability of the lungs to transmit gas from inhaled air to the pulmonary capillaries in the red blood cells and to determine the efficiency of the lungs to exchange gases. The indication of using this test is to recognize the cause of hypoxemia and…

Coronary arteries are one of the most important parts of the body because of many different factors. Heart muscle needs blood rich in oxygen to function and pump more blood throughout the circulatory system. If the blood does not carry enough oxygen, the veins will carry it away. Blood can only be delivered when the heart is relaxed; because once they contract they become narrow. These arteries are structured differently as opposed to many of the other arteries in the human body. The coronary…

The effect of different breathing patterns on alveolar gas compositions. Introduction Ventilation is the process where the exchange of oxygen (O2) from the air into the lungs and carbon dioxide (CO2) from the blood into the external environment (Silverthorn, 2013). Respiration is essential for all living organisms to survive. Breathing is part of physiological respiration and is required to sustain life. Our lungs are composed of small sacs called alveoli which facilitate the movement of oxygen…

Biopac's EBI100C Electrical Bioimpedance Amplifier was used to record the impedance parameters. Finally, using Biopac's NIBP100A noninvasive blood pressure system, continual recordings of blood pressure were measured from the participant's radial artery of the nonpreferred arm. Four cardiovascular responses are used to differentiate challenge and threat. Ventricular contractility (VC), which is indexed by a decrease in pre-ejection period, a measure of the contractile force of the heart or the…

The type of heart failure that patient A.O. seems to be presenting with is left sided heart failure. The clinical findings in this situation that indicate left sided heart failure are dyspnea and activity intolerance (notes or books). Left sided heart failure can cause problems with the right side of the hear as well which could explain the pedal edema. Other clinical findings that are commonly seen with left sided heart failure are decreased cardiac output and pulmonary congestion. The…

Are the serious health implications caused by hypoxia worth the emotional fulfilment of summiting at high altitude? In Jon Krakauer's Into Thin Air, the severely hypoxic climbers atop Mount Everest fall victim to a series of fatal mistakes that result in the tragic death of fifteen climbers in the spring of 1996. Serious health implications including AMS, HAPE, and HACE weigh heavily on a climbers decision to summit at high altitude despite the recent technological improvements in modern…

About blood Functions Blood is the biological fluid in our body that transports nutrients and oxygen to the cells, and also exports the metabolic waste product away from the cells. To ensure the supply of oxygen needed by our organs and tissues, there are four important steps: 1. The oxygen must be transferred from our lungs into the blood plasma 2. The oxygen is stored on the hemoglobin in the red cells 3. The oxygen is transported to our body cells via circulation. 4. The oxygen is released…

1 – Introduction Haemocompatibility is an evaluation of the effects of medical devices on blood and the blood components which they come in contact with. It confers to a set of properties that indicate the ability of the material to come in contact with the blood without resulting in adverse reactions. In terms of regulatory requirements, the material is tested in relation to 5 main test categories: Thrombus Coagulation Platelets Haematology Immunology Problems with haemocompatibility…

Mechanical Ventilator is a life support system that mechanically assist patient in the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide. It can also be called as artificial respiration system. Mechanical ventilation can help or support complete breathing, depending on the patient’s condition. Anyone who have problem in breathing normally, or having chronic diseases may require mechanical ventilator. It also includes patients suffering from spinal cord injury, stroke or any other disorders. Rapid growth in…

1. Mark’s initial reaction of becoming red and sweating was a negative feedback reaction, from his body, to the heat. The human body can function properly in a certain temperature range. If the temperature of the internal environment rises above the acceptable range, the proteins in the body begin to denature. The body’s senses detect this temperature change, sends a signal through the afferent pathway to the integration center(brain). The integration center sends a signal via the efferent…