Bases

4.0 INTRODUCTION TO RESULT AND DISCUSSION This chapter covers the result and also the discussion on the experiment of lab scale soap production. All of the findings which are the analysis of pH value, saponification value and moisture content of the formulation soap bar is discussed thoroughly throughout the chapter. 4.1 RESULT AND DISCUSSION The purposes of the experiment were to identify the weights of materials to be used in the formulation of soap and also to produce the average quality…

TRIS Hcl, NBT, NADH, Ethanol, PMS, l-ascorbic acid 1. The superoxide radicals is generated in 3 ml of TrisHCl buffer (16 mM, pH 8.0) containing 1 ml of NBT (50 μM), 1 ml NADH (78 μM) and ethanol extract of sample (25 – 50 μg). 2. The reaction was started by adding 1 ml of PMS solution (10 μM) to the mixture. 3. The reaction mixture was incubated at 25° C for 5 min, the absorbance was read at 560 nm using a spectrophotometer (Schimadzu UV-Vis 1700) against blank samples using l- ascorbic acid…

Abstract: The purpose of this experiment was to prepare and standardize a sodium hydroxide solution as well as determine the molar concentration in as strong acid and the percent by mass of acetic acid in vinegar. We used volumetric analysis, also known as titration, in both experiments. The average molar concentration for NaOH was 0.2749 mol/L while the average molar concentration of the acid solution was .2493 mol/L.The average percent by mass of acetic acid in vinegar was found to be 12.3 %…

The % relative standard deviation (% RSD) was found to be below 5 % for all the four analytes in system precision and below 6 % in method precision. The data as shown in Table 3.4.3.3.3 and 3.4.3.3.4. LOD values observed for Hydrazine carbamate and Hydrazone carbamate were 0.0018 µg per mL and 0.00092 µg per mL respectively. The LOD value observed for both 1-Hydroxy benzotriazole and 2R, 3S Chlorohydrine hydrochloride were 0.0019 µg per mL. The LOQ values observed for all four analytes were…

Effect of Organic Solvents on Particle Size When anti solvent was 0.4% (w/v) F68 aqueous solution, the effect of various good solvent was investigated. These organic solvents include ethanol, methanol, PEG 400, propylene glycol. The result as mention in Table 16 & Figure 27 showed that the particles prepared by methanol were the smallest (317 nm) among other organic solvents. Ethanol, PEG 400, and propylene glycol produced the particles having the mean particle size of 525nm, 1274nm, 864nm,…

Fig 4.12 shows the comparison of product density of hydrotreated GO obtained using CAT-E and CAT-C. The density of hydrotreated GO from CAT-C at 370◦C was 0.8148g/ml whereas at the same temperature the density of hydrotreated GO obtained from CAT-E was 0.8302 g/ml despite sulphur and nitrogen in the GO has been reduced to less than 50 ppm and 1 ppm respectively. The reason for higher density would be due to higher aromatic content in the hydrotreated product obtained from CAT-E. This indicates…

The purpose and objective of this experiment was to determine the percent by mass of acetic acid within a sample of vinegar using volumetric analysis with the titration technique. The theory is that if the volume and molar concentration of the standardized sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution is known, then the percent by mass of the acetic acid (CH3COOH) in vinegar can be calculated after a titration.1 Within this experiment, a NaOH solution was standardized with a primary standard acid of…

Do mole ratios affect the amount of reactant that is produced? This experiment tested why mixing reactants in different mole ratios affected the amount of the product and the amount of each reactant that is left over. To solve the problem, the lab contained reacting sodium bicarbonate(baking soda) and acetic acid(vinegar) in different ratios and seeing if the product changed. The data suggests that the higher ratio of baking soda to vinegar creates the most product. For the ratio…

A clean flame test wire was inserted into 0.2 M NaCl and also placed on the flame reputedly. A bright yellow persistent flame was a positive test of sodium being presented, then repeat the same instructions for the unknown ion. After the flame test wire was clean 0.2M KCl was dipped into the flame resulted a lavender color after several trials as well as the unknown solution. 10 drops of 0.1M Ca(NO3)2 in a test tube and 2-3 drops of 1M Na2C2O4, a white precipitate of calcium was present. The…

Emily Melendez January 31, 2017 BSC2010 Enzyme I: pH and Temperature Lab Report Introduction: (2008, November 11). Without Enzyme, Biological Reaction Essential To Life Takes 2.3 Billion Years. Retrieved January 31, 2017. The basic concept that is being explored are about enzymes. Enzymes are proteins that are known for being sparkplugs in a chemical reaction. Enzymes have a shape and for them to ‘spark’ they must have the proper substrate for it to work U. This does not change the enzyme’s…