Base

In this case methyl orange can be used as the indicator, pH arc being 3,1...4,4, or methyl red, pH arc being 4,4...6,2. If the pH value is bigger than the arc then the indicators will give a yellow colour to the solution, if smaller then a red colour. Total hardness is the sum of amount of Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions and is determined via complex-titration. Here is the stoichiometric point found by using different complex ions with different colours. The solution is titrated with…

DISCUSSSIONNN ————————— 1+2.) The results gathered showed that compound A had two spots, lower spot had an rf value of 0.48 and upper spot had an rf value of 0.77, this shows that compound A contained both paracetamol which has an rf value of 0.48 and caffeine which has an rf value of 0.77. Compound B had an rf value of 0.77 which is the same as caffeine therefore compound B contained caffeine. Compound C had an rf value of 0.48 which is the same as paracetamol therefore compound C contained…

Mustard oil is a fatty vegetable oil which is obtained from mustard seeds. There are basically three varieties of mustard oil available. The difference between these three varieties lies in the method of extraction, chemical composition and properties. The fatty vegetable mustard oil is extracted by pressing mustard seeds. Mustard oil is obtained by cold compression of the mustard seeds and by infusing this extracted oil with other oils to get the final product. Essential mustard oil is obtained…

3.11.2. Effects of pH The pH is a very important parameter which controls the extent of photoassisted degradation. The effects of pH on degradation of CR were investigated using 15.0 mg of LDH; 1x10-5 M CR solution in the pH range of 4.0 to 11.0, adjusted by addition of either 0.1 M HCl or NaOH. The plot of C/C0 vs. irradiation time of aqueous CR is presented in Fig.12(B). The efficiency of photodegradation of aqueous CR was found to be higher in the acidic medium particularly at pH 4 (~99.7%)…

Introduction Density measures the volume that a given amount of mass takes up. Usually, density has grams per unit volume as a unit. To find the density of an object, the object has to be measured and its mass has to be divided by its volume. Often times, density is used to identify substances, since different elements have specific densities. This experiment is made up of two sections; the first section measures the density of water and the density of an unknown substance. If the procedure is…

The purpose of this lab was to identify the amount of salt needed in the water to “flink”, the point at which an object sinks or floats, the golf ball in a salt solution. Flinking occurs when the object is neither sinking or floating, it appears as if it is suspended in the middle of the solution. To flink an object, the object’s density has to have the same as the density of the solution that it is placed into. To achieve the same density of both the salt solution and golf ball, manipulation of…

It is essential for pharmacists to be able to predict the theoretical rate kinetics of pharmaceutical products in order to determine its shelf life. As the shelf life is defined by (t90), which is the availability of greater or equal to 90% of the drug, it is important to discover the rate of degradation of a drug to ensure that the patients receive an adequate dose of the drug. In this experiment, the stability of the active ingredient of Aspro Clear is investigated to identify the rate of…

Marwah Alabbad Qualitative aspects of Equilibrium Post lab 10/7/15 1. Tables in experience 1: A. Test tube 0.5M HNO3 (mL) Drops of Potassium thiocyanate Drops of Ferric nitrate Observation (color) A 0.5 mL 1 1 Light orange B 0.5 mL 1 9 Vibrant orange( medium) C 0.5 mL 5 5 Vibrant red D 0.5 mL 9 1 Dark shade of orange E 0.5 mL 9 9 Dark red B. Removing Fe3+ Test tube 0.5M HNO3 (mL) Drops of Potassium thiocyanate Drops of Ferric nitrate 1% NaOH (mL) Observation F 0.5 mL 5 5 - The color has…

First, 1.32 g of isoborneol was mixed with 1.00 mL of glacial acetic acid. The solution was heated to 50° C while 1.70 mL of NaOCl added. Then 15.0 mL of NaOCl was measured into a separatory funnel and added dropwise to the solution for 10 minutes. The flask was sealed while heating and stirring continued. NaOCl in the solution was tested every five minutes using starch-iodide paper for 30 minutes. After 10 minutes, 2.0 mL of NaOCl was added. A total of 6.0 mL of NaOCl was added over a 20 minute…

Introduction An Alka seltzer is a Blood thinner and a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug that can treat pain, fever, headache, and inflammation. Its two main ingredients are citric acid and baking soda. When the tablet is dropped in water, the citric acid and baking soda react, which causes the alka seltzer to dissolve. If an alka seltzer is dropped in orange juice, then it will dissolve quicker compared to water because the orange juice has a higher level of acidity. Methods For this…