Basalt

itself, which is contained in the lithosphere, can also be divided into two parts, the continental crust, and the oceanic crust. The continental crust is composed mostly of granite unlike the oceanic crust which consists of a volcanic lava rock called basalt. Basaltic rocks of the ocean plates are much denser and heavier than the granitic rock of the continental plates. Lying above the lithosphere is the liquid hydrosphere, containing 71% of the Earth 's surface. Finally, the Earth 's atmosphere…

DARSHAN GANGANNA RAVINDRA Abstract— About Sixty-five million years ago, one of last non-avian reptile species called dinosaurs vanished from the earth. The extinction of this huge animal is a never-ending topic of interest, the mass extension of dinosaurs occurred over a very short geological period. Keywords— Non-Avian Dinosaurs, Mass extinction, Dinosaurs extinction theories; Asteroid impact; Volcanism; I. INTRODUCTION Dinosaurs are the certain group of reptiles which influenced and ruled…

The Pontifical Academy of Sciences, established in 1603 with Galileo as chair, is relocated to the City of London to provide a new education system to tackle the Square Mile’s lack of moral purpose. The Academy is a monochrome mass of libraries and ritualistic lecture spaces set in a landscape to induce physical and metaphysical wandering, meeting and reflection. Three environments are provided, inspired by the core natural elements of mountain for isolation and reflection, river for wandering…

Throughout the early years of Mesopotamia civilization, the Codes of Hammurabi were the most famous but not the pioneer of the many collections of laws during that time. At the height of Hammurabi’s power, he codified 282 laws on a stele made of basalt (Charpin 12). During his time, fidelity, legitimacy of children, and marriage were the major issues that affected the Mesopotamian culture. Hammurabi produced a set of laws based on these specific values. His effort was directed towards realizing…

livestock from others (Roth, Hoffner, Piotr). Hammurabi made it a point that these laws would be impossible to ignore, and if you did you would take the full brunt of its included punishment. He made “…eight-foot-tall stele made of gleaming black basalt, originally erected in a central marketplace…” (Cole, Symes 16) with his code written on it so that…

Introduction Geologists explanation how the Earth's surface behaves by plate tectonics theory. According to the theory, the surface of the Earth is broken into large plates and size and position of these plates change over times. The edge of these plates is the place where intense geologic activity happens. Such as earthquakes, volcanoes, and mountain building occur in areas where they move against each other, A first theory of continental drift is proposed by German scientist Alfred…

Introduction The pyramids in Egypt were attracted to ancient tourists and conquerors. The Egyptian era is one of the richest and most powerful civilizations in the world. The pyramids, especially the Great Pyramid of Giza, are the most spectacular artifacts The large scale of the pyramid reflects the unique role of Pharaoh in ancient Egypt society. Today, 4000 years later, the Egyptian pyramids still retain their wealth and majesty and glimpse. The pyramid represents the glorious history of…

Many can probably guess that lethal coal mines, the offshore drilling explosions and the catastrophic Gulf of Mexico oil spill as being a principal culprit of ocean acidification but have you ever thought that global warming actually has a much larger role in ocean acidification than we think? That is why we need to be educated on what ocean acidification is, what are the effects of ocean acidification, who are the ones being mostly affected, and how can we resolve this issue. According to NOAA…

of volcanic lava and sediments forming andesite and granite. 2. Oceanic Crust. It is the crust that lies beneath the oceans’ bed and is thin. The thickness of oceanic crust ranges from 5km to 10km. It is composed of maximum proportion of magnesium, basalt and gabbro. Fig.3, shows the two types of earth’s crust: continental crust and oceanic…

It does not accept saline or arid soils, waterlogging or low temperatures. It thrives on rich, organic soils but also grows on well-drained clay and basalt soils. Sandy soils tend to dry out too fast for lantana unless soil moisture is constantly replenished. It has been recorded at elevations up to 1000 m in Queensland. Lantana infests disturbed locations, especially clear sunlit areas, such as roadsides…