Basal ganglia

an overactive primary motor cortex. In a patient with Chorea, jerky movements occur that can not be controlled by the diseased. Parkinson’s disease is another disease that occurs when the primary motor cortex is affected. The changes in the basal ganglia thalamocortical networks that occur in Parkinson’s affect the primary motor cortex by giving it greater plasticity. This can lead to hand tremors, slowed movement, and a loss of being able to control voluntary movements.…

inhibited by the increase activity at the globus pallidus internus (Lundy-Ekman, 2013). The disease involves a change in the basal ganglia motor circuit. The motor circuit consists of sending output information to the cerebral cortex , pedunculopontine nucleus and the midbrain locomotor area. The direct pathway consists of the the substantia nigra via the nigrostriadal pathway sends dopamine cells that are excitatory to the globus pallidis internus . The globus pallidus is…

The affect Parkinson’s disease plays in the body is troubling. It affects nearly one percent of the adult population over sixty years old. Each year in the Untied States, there are sixty thousand new cases alone. Close to one million Americans live with its disabling grip, this is more than the collective number of patients affected by multiple sclerosis, Lou Gehrig's disease and muscular dystrophy ("Statistics on Parkinson's"). Parkinson’s is a gradual disease that affects the central nervous…

All my life, I’ve always wondered, why? Why do I stammer? Is it something wrong with me? I know that I was born that way because unlike many people, stammering didn’t only occur when I was stressed or in an unconformable situation. I stuttered every time I tried to speak. No matter how hard I tried to control my speech flow, I couldn’t help it. It was natural. My relatives tried to help me, to cure me fof my speech disorder but they failed. They didn’t have patience with me. They believed that…

control body movements. The other parts of the brain that impact movement and become damaged in people with Parkinson’s include: the striatum, basal ganglia, and cerebellum. The striatum collects information, and along with the substantia nigra, which is located in the midbrain, is responsible for sending impulses from the spinal cord to the brain. The basal ganglia and cerebellum work together so that any movement is carried out seamlessly. In individuals with Parkinson’s the neurotransmitter…

The striatum, an important component in the basal ganglia of the brain, is activated when multitaskers work on a task. This part of the brain helps mainly with: voluntary movement, rewarding experiences, habitual activities, and motivation. A small part of the striatum does help with cognitive functions…

The human body is a unique formation that represents how every component, whether it’s a chemical, cell, or organ all have an important role to have a healthy physiological and anatomical system. Dividing into which part of the body they control most, they create the organ systems that are the nervous, respiratory, articulatory, digestive, endocrine, and the cardiovascular system. The neurological, or the nervous, system is our control system that regulates impulses, chemicals, and commands to…

the brain stem. However, recent fMRI and PET scan studies during swallowing have revealed numerous cortical areas also are involved in the regulation of swallowing, including the thalamus, sensorimotor cortex, supplemental motor cortex, insula, basal ganglia, putamen, globus pallidus, and anterior cingulate gyrus. In addition, several cranial nerves are involved in swallowing, including the trigeminal, facial, glossopharyngeal, vagus, and hypoglossal. Therefore, both the CNS and the PNS are…

In our brains we have two major areas that are responsible for controlling our movements, these areas are the substantia nigra pars compacta and the basal ganglia. The substantia nigra pars compacta is responsible for producing dopamine, which controls the transmission of messages that initiate and control movement and balance. The basal ganglion is composed of numerous subcortical nuclei, which are crucial for controlling fine motor movements. Unfortunately, these areas of the brain are…

Tobias Wolff’s short story “Bullet in the brain” is written as though it was a film and this rhetorical manner evokes a visual, a sonorous, and a neurotic feeling. Yet, even though it seems like a movie, there is a realism to it. Wolff generates a sad ending from the most ordinary thing a human could be doing and this is expressed through the eyes of the story’s narrator that knows how to bring the important details to light. The point of view greatly influences the construction of the story and…