Bacteriophages

Ohio and was famously known for her and her ally Alfred Day Hershey’s landmark experiment in genetics proving that DNA is genetic material. Her experiment was using radioactive tracers to mark the DNA core and the protein coat of a phage called bacteriophage, or bacterial virus. Her and Alfred placed the material into a blender and turned on the switch which resulted in the scientists discovering that the blender had separated the DNA and the protein, an examination showed that only the DNA had…

Bacteria, virus, and prions all play a part in our life, good and bad. Bacteria are forms of life that are considered living. That’s the difference between virus and prions, who lack the ability to reproduce once they are isolated. The reason behind that is because viruses and prions need a host to reproduce. Bacteria are single celled microbes. The cell is simpler than other organisms because there is no nucleus or membrane bound organelle. Bacteria’s genetic information is contained in a…

Genetically Engineering the Human Genome Genetically modifying the human genome, also known as the complete set of genetic material, is now more than just science fiction. After 25 years of collecting and analyzing scientific research, altering the human genome is becoming a concrete reality (Yu-Wai-Man 1322). Genetically modifying the human genome is deliberately altering human genes for the purpose of producing offspring with those genetic changes. Majority of the research being conducted for…

system. The acronym stands for clustered, regularly interspaced, short palindromic repeats, which are sequences of DNA that read the same forward as backwards. In between these are sequences of DNA known as protospacers indicative of particular bacteriophages encountered by bacteria. These sequences are then used as a template for RNAs capable of recognizing viral DNA within a cell and as a means to bind the endonuclease CRISPR associated protein 9 (Cas9). These complexes allow the enzyme to be…

toxin-coregulated pilus into its own chromosome by bacterial transformation. Since the genetic code for the toxin-coregulated pilus also contains code for a surface receptor, this could also result in the infection of B. subtilis by the same lysogenic bacteriophage that produces the cholera toxin (7). This would increase the pathogenicity of B. subtilis further, as it would produce more…

1. (4 points) The results below were obtained from a use-dilution test of two disinfectants. Cultures were inoculated into tubes with varying concentrations of disinfectants and incubated for 24 hr at 20°C, then subculture in nutrient media without disinfectants. (+ = growth; - = no growth) Disinfectant 1 Disinfectant 2 Concentration Initial Subculture Initial Subculture Most concentrated 1:10 - + - - 1:90 + + - - 1:900 + + - - 1:90,000 + + - - 1:900,000 + + - + 1:9,000,000 + + - +…

bacteria and archaea. Although there are millions of strains of viruses, in modern science, about 5000 viruses have been identified. Hence, the study of viruses is known as virology, which is a subset of microbiology. Examples of a virus known as the bacteriophage, which harm bacteria, when used properly, help humans. Viruses when gone through transduction, specific genes can be…

Importance of Microbes Introduction It was long ago when Man realized that, along with animals and plants, he was also accompanied by some other organisms as well, and though which remained hidden from his eyes. Those organisms were unveiled by Anton Van Leeuwenhoek, who first saw the tiny organisms which accompanied Man through the lenses of microscope. Later it was found out that microorganisms inhabited each and every surface of earth, on man himself, or even inside him, resided under the…

n 1910 Citrus Canker was introduced to the United States on trifoliate rootstock seedlings that were imported Japan. The disease spread rapidly around the Gulf Coast. Starting in Texas, it made it’s way east to Florida, then north to South Carolina. The pathogen, Xanthomonas axonopodis has two pathovars known to cause Canker; one being citri, and the other being aurantifolii. These can affect all citrus cultivars and even some citrus relatives. This bacterium is not known to be harmful to humans…

Staphylococcus aureus is a gram-positive bacteria which is an aerobic organism. S. aureus can cause many different infections. Antibiotic resistance is common for S. aureus. It forms golden grapelike clusters that you can see under a microscope. “20-40% of people carry it in their noses and skin.”(6) Most of the time, S.aureus is transported from the nasal passages to the skin. “Coagulase-positive S. aureus is one of the most dangerous pathogen because it develops antibiotic resistance.”(1) S…