Bacteriophages

Contrary to what one would expect based on the title of her book, The Forever Fix: Gene Therapy and the Boy Who Saved It, Ricki Lewis pens a narrative science focused on the milestones in the history of gene therapy, not just one success story (Lewis, 2012). Corey Haas, the boy who regained his vision after being sentenced to a life of blindness, is only one of the medical miracles mentioned; the book also devotes itself to presenting the theory and procedures behind gene therapy. As a…

Using the P22 phage, a lysate was prepared for the transduction of chloramphenicol resistance from a resistant S. typhimurium LT2 strain to a sensitive strain of S. typhimurium. It is believed that P22 phages package 44 kb of chromosomal DNA at random with a 2% frequency and a 2% chance of homologous recombination events occurring (MIC302 lab manual). S. typhimurium has a chromosome length of approximately 4,857 kb, so it was calculated that 0.00036% is the percent chance that the gene for…

BACTERIOPHAGE MEDIATED PHYTOREMEDIATION Wastewater is any water that is against the usage by human . Wastewater is the result of domestic, commercial, industrial or agricultural activities. After the use water is returned to the environment in a different condition, usually as dirty water (wastewater).It is never returned in the same way as it was withdrawn. Wastewater produced by households or communities is also called municipal wastewater or sewage. (Tilley) Effluent refers to the sewage or…

sulfur and protein contains sulfur but very little phosphorus. Hershey and Chase injected bacteriophages in an organism. When the bacteriophage was injected with sulfur it didn’t show the genetic material as a protein, but when injected with phosphorus the bacteriophage obtained a radioactive reaction. The primary factor is that DNA contains no sulfur and proteins contain no phosphorus. thus, since the bacteriophage is just made of a protein capsid and DNA enclosed on, can label either as…

Classification Escherichia coli is a bacterium that is mostly found in humans and other animals. It is a unicellular micro-organism, making its Domain and Kingdom Bacteria. E. coli’s Phylum is Proteobacteria because it is a gram-negative bacterium. It is also in the Phylum Proteobacteria because of the lipopolysaccharides that protect the cell membrane. E. coli is a facultative anaerobic G- bacterium, making its Class Gamma Proteobacteria. Because of its rod-shape, E. coli’s Order is…

diphtheria to cause diphtheria depends on its ability to produce the diphtheria toxin. The bacteria can produce the toxin only if it is infected by a bacteriophage carrying the DNA sequence encoding the toxin, the tox gene. The bacteriophage infects the bacteria and enters the lysogenic stage, integrating the tox gene into the bacterial genome. The bacteria live and continue to reproduce normally, while the prophage is transmitted to subsequent…

The subject that is being read is Prokaryotes. An example of a prokaryote is bacteria. Bacteria traits are usually for a genus and are extremely important to the cell. Bacteria come within various shapes, such as spirals, cocci, rods, etc. These shapes are very useful for the prokaryotes. Prokaryotes do not have a developed nucleus instead the cell has a nucleoid which is also known as a nuclear bound and it lacks the cytoplasm membrane. Prokaryote structures consist of the flagella, pili, and…

minds of the scientific community. Others would demonstrate their findings in different experiment years after through experiments such as the Stahl experiment in 1958. Many believed that proteins did as they looked far more complex than DNA.The bacteriophages also demonstrated that when they infect a bacterium with their genes. The DNA will come out but very little protein will. It would later become known as the blender experiment for the use of a blender to empty viral protein shells from the…

Sulfolobus acidocaldarius is an Archaean extremophile. This strictly aerobic prokaryote is found in the searing temperatures of sulfur-rich geothermal hot acid springs, geysers, and deep ocean vents. While primarily an aquatic organism, S. acidocaldarius can also be found in hot acidic soils. Optimal conditions for S. acidocaldarius included a temperature of 80°C and a hydronium ion concentration, pH, of 2; making them acidophiles (acid loving) and thermophiles (heat loving). (Wikipedia #2). As…

Viruses are nonliving, microscopic organisms that cannot be seen with the naked eye. Since they do not have the ability to replicate by themselves, viruses must rely on a host organism which allows the virus to multiple. This is why they are often referred to as cellular parasites. Since they are very small, and they can only be seen by looking through a microscope. There are approximately 5,000 different viruses that have the potential to infect plants, animals, and bacteria. Some are…