B cell

different types of cell to have their own cell specialization (Campbell 365). In order for each cell to do it’s given role, they each need to maintain a program of gene expression individually to have some genes expressed and the rest not (Campbell 365). Only 20% of protein coding genes that a human cell has might be expressed. Cells such as muscle and nerve cells are highly differentiated so they express an even lower percentage of their genes (Campbell 365). Most of the cells in a…

Differentiation and its effects on certain organelles. This writing exercise analyzes two separate but related scientific articles, “The fate of the Golgi Apparatus and the Endoplasmic reticulum During Lens Fiber Cell Differentiation” and “Coincident Loss of Mitochondria and Nuclei During Lens Fiber Cell Differentiation” both which analyze and study Lens Fiber Differentiation. The writing assignment will be based on four sections:(1) Background of the research (2) Methods used to…

that Treg cells produce forkhead box protein 3 (Foxp3) at some point of their development. This protein is an important molecule in immune regulation as its presence in cells was determined to be sufficient in the suppression of proliferation and cytokine secretion by effector cells. Furthermore, a frameshift mutation in Foxp3 results in a fatal syndrome of extensive immune activation, leading to the over secretion of numerous cytokines and multi organ infiltration by inflammatory cells…

contains 8088 base pairs, 23 exons, and translates into a protein that is 2696 amino acids long (Faravelli, 2005). This gene, along with the rest of the NSD family, have been found to be strongly linked to cell growth and differentiation (Faravelli, 2005).…

Informative Speech Outline I. Introduction A. How many of you know exactly what a microbiome is? Not a problem. B. Today I will be introducing you to the incredibly complex world living inside your body and even more specifically, inside your stomach. C. I will be explaining what microbiomes are, followed by the gut microbiome and finally the effect microbiomes have on your health. II. Body A. So, what exactly is a microbiome? Well, the Dictionary.com definition is: “the totality of…

mature somatic cell is removed from an organism, and the DNA is transferred to an egg cell whose DNA has been removed. This is commonly referred to as somatic cell nuclear transfer or SCNT. Finally, the egg starts the reproductive process and attaches to the uterus of a female in the same species. This results in a whole organism with the same genetic makeup of the donator of the somatic cell (See Appendix B for a diagram of the process). The last type, therapeutic cloning, occurs when a cell is…

Bacteria also known as prokaryotes are very ancient single-celled organisms; fossils show that they were widespread 1.5 billion years ago. Today bacteria make up the vast majority of prokaryotes on earth due to the unfavorable ability to adapt quickly to the surrounding environment. Bacteria have the capabilities to survive in areas of high heat, extreme cold, or even very acidic or alkaline conditions. This ability is used frequently to fend off the effects of antibiotics and antibacterial;…

Rhodopsin is a GPCR found in rod cells of the eye. Rhodopsin consists of Opsin and a 11-cis-retinal chromophore. Absorption of a photon results in the isomerisation of the 11-cis-retinal to an all trans retinal, leading to a conformational change of the GPCR and formation of the intermediate…

This means that to measure bacteria a person will have to count the cell numbers not measure the size of the cell. According to Frank O’Mahony, bacterial growth is affected mostly by temperature, nutrient, water supply, oxygen supply, and the acidity of the medium, which leads to the question of could vibrations from music affect the bacterial…

Animal Cloning As new technology is developed, cloning becomes a higher discussed topic. Cloning is the process of producing similar populations of genetically identical individuals. Cloning has been seen a as a recent discovery but cloning has been happening in nature since the beginning of time. Common animals that clone naturally are starfish, bacteria, and even some plants. But cloning becomes a controversial topic when humans artificially make clones of animals that normally reproduce…