Axon

Cerebral Palsy is a disorder of the nervous system that is caused by abnormalities and damage to one or more specific areas of the brain. This damage occurs before, during, or immediately after birth when a child’s brain is developing. Research has determined what kind of brain and central nervous system damage occurs when someone has cerebral palsy as well as the symptoms that correlate with each injury and the effective treatment options to manage this chronic condition. Muscle coordination…

Future Applications of the Equal Protection Clause The Equal Protection clause in the United States of America’s Constitution has long been a harbinger for controversy, in which events for the lesser of the two opponents always deteriorates before it remotely improves. With this in mind, flashback to the days of the writing and ratifying of the 14th amendment. The Caucasian people of that past world, would not and could not refer to themselves as anything other than superior to their…

Whenever people hear the word burn, they imagine a sweltering sensation that is commonly associated with touching something hot, like a hot stove or a pot. However, It is more than just that: it is characterized as damage to our skin or even to deeper layer that can cause severe or permanent damage if it is not handled properly. It is the most common form of injury in the home, especially in children. The items that can cause burns are common household items that we interact with on a daily…

Silent Spring, by Rachel Carson, was first published in 1962. Silent Spring provided a lyrical account of the impact of overusing pesticides on the environment and human health. The book, along with the reaction to other environmental disasters, such as Love Canal, helped to bring about the environmental revolution. This environmental revolution led to the banning of DDT and similar chemicals to DDT in the US as well as numerous other acts to promote a better environment. It is known that DDT…

1. a) Define Deuteronopia. b) What causes it? c) Why is it more frequent in males than females? d) Contrast the two types of receptor cells in the retina, and describe the retina’s reaction to light. Deuteranopia is when someone is colorblind, which results from the exposure to green light, causing the person to be confused, mixing up the colors as green, red, and yellow. Color blindness is caused by the green sensitive cones. In addition, deuteranopia is caused by a genetic condition where…

What is meant by “agonist and antagonist muscle pairs”? Give an example What is meant by agonist in muscle pairs is that it does the majority of the workload in an exercise and is considered the prime mover (primarily responsible for movement). The antagonist in respect to the agonist counteracts. The antagonist helps allow the agonist to perform a task. An example could be the biceps brachii contracts when doing elbow flexion. While the antagonist would be the triceps brachii relaxing during…

Abstract: Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) is a very traumatic incident that currently seems permanent, as there are not pharmacological therapies to reverse the primary mechanical injury. However, the secondary SCI may be reduced using the proper rehabilitation techniques. Pivotal components of the secondary injury pathway include ischemia and hypoxia, lack of blood supply and lack of oxygen, respectively, that may lead to programmed cell death, or apoptosis. Once the secondary pathway is onset, it…

disease Multiple sclerosis (MS). Which is an autoimmune disease that causes irreversible neurodegeneration damage to the CNS (1). MS translates to multiple scars which are caused from the demyelinating disease of the CNS (2). The myelin that surround the axon of neurons are a protective layer called a sheath. The sheath is responsible for…

The use of neurons and muscle is utmost for any animal’s survival. The experiment studies the principles of muscle contractions and nerve conductions, and the characteristics of muscle twitches and AP. The nerve and muscle work in conjunction and allow organisms to be motile. Thus looking at the properties and understanding the process has immense influence on science and the world in general. Through the experiment it was determined that an increase in stimulation amplitude in both muscle and…

Ocular Ischemic Syndrome (OIS) is a rare, primarily unilateral condition caused by hypoperfusion secondary to ophthalmic and carotid artery blockages.1 An internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis happens 90% of the time causing perfusion pressure to decrease in the central retinal artery.1 In patients with an ICA stenosis, studies have shown that plasma levels of homocysteine and C-reactive protein are linked to the development of OIS.3 When ICA stenosis occurs, there is an incomplete blood…