Axon

Working Toward a Solution By Shane Barry Many doctors and medical researchers have spent years on their exploration into spinal cord injuries. The encounters in which they have made have been used toward finding a new and innovative solution to these injuries in the hope of helping these patients walk or even move or feel again. Most of the injuries included are quite tragic such as partial or complete paralysis. Varying spinal cord injuries can come from the slightest impact or fall. They can…

In the book Essentials of Psychology the first three chapters are important ones and they each have multiple main points. The first three chapters are called Psychology as a Science, Neurological and Genetic Bases of Behavior, and Human Development. There are some main points in chapter one that I realized were in chapter one. One of these would be what exactly is psychology? Psychology is explained to be scientific study of mental processes and behavior. (1.1a pg 3)It is explained that…

The magic of vision is incredible. Through the small window we are able to see the whole world. Eye is one of the five senses what human possess and majority would agree that it is perhaps the most important one. Many of us would be intrigued by the composition of the eye and even more by his interconnection with brain. How the eye actually works, his structure and the function will help us in better understanding how visual light is converted into our perception. The challenge of the image…

of ATP (Garmier et.al, 2008). However, when the respiratory chain is not functioning properly, ATP is not able to be formed. For example, respiratory chain dysfunction in the eye causes the degeneration of the retinal ganglion and the optic nerve axon cell layer (Howell, 1997). Furthermore, degeneration of the retinal layer causes retinal detachment that leads to permanent vision loss (Yu-Wai-Man et al., 2013).…

(in response to non-noxious or noxious stimuli) (40, 41). Neuropathic pain in SCI can arise from multiple system changes in sensory pathways from dorsal root ganglion (DRG) to cortex. Previous studies have shown in mammals, that injury affecting the axons or soma of sensory neurons, with their soma in the DRG, causes hyperexcitability that can lead to spinal sensitization and neuropathic pain (42, 43, 44, 45). Increasing evidence has also suggested a critical role of the thalamus in the…

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease which is characterized by hyperglycemia, glycosuria and hyperlipidemia that in the long-term increase the probability of developing diabetic complication such as macrovascular and microvascular then complication increase mortality and morbidity. In microvascular includes diabetic nephropathy, diabetic retinopathy and diabetic neuropathy. Diabetic neuropathy is one of the most common chronic complication of diabetes mellitus that develops in about…

Activity #1 1. Potassium and Sodium. Potassium is more concentrated inside the cell and sodium is more concentrated outside the cell. 2. Resting membrane potential is the difference in voltage of the fluids inside a cell and outside a cell. It is measured by the difference in voltage inside and outside of the cell. 3. On the outside of the resting membrane potential it would remain at 0, however on the inside it dropped the voltage from -70 to -40. This happened because with the increase of K+,…

function of ICAM5 in the pituitary is unknown, its roles in the brain as a cell adhesion molecule have been extensively studied. ICAM5 is abundantly expressed in the dendritic filopodia and plays an important role in synapse formation with presynaptic axons, via the extracellular matrix molecule, vitronectin (63), and/or β1 integrins (32, 64). Once these connections are established, the extracellular domain of ICAM5 is cleaved, disrupting the cytoplasmic actin cytoskeleton through to α-actinin…

Clostridium tetani is a rod shaped microorganism’s bacteria in charge of the frequently lethal infection tetanus he word tetanus originates from the Greek word tetanus, which anticipates the meaning to stretch. Tetanus is described by unbending nature and sudden contractions of skeletal muscle and infection within the integumentary system, skin (Tortora, et al., 2016). Bacterial cells, similar to plant cells, are surrounded by a cell wall. However, bacterial cell walls are comprised of…

end, neurotransmitters are released in the synapse. The myelin coating around nerve fibers affect the speed of the action potential by increasing it. Multiple sclerosis evolves from a lack of myelin coating around the never, without this coating the axon is slowed down, which is slowing the signals being sent and received (Multiple sclerosis, 2013). Because of the lack of clarity on the origin of multiple sclerosis scientist are studying the following areas; defects in the immune system,…