Axon

type of changes suffered: structural and chemical changes. Structural changes are, among others, the loss of neural circuits and brain plasticity3, thinning of the cortex4, oxidative stress5, DNA damage6 or the 10% reduction of the brain’s myelinated axons each decade7. Biochemical changes…

gray matter is only half of the brain matter inside our heads—the other half of brain volume is called white matter. White matter is comprised of axons, which create a network of fibers that interconnect neurons and creates a communications network between brain regions. White matter gets its name from the white, fatty myelin sheath that surrounds the axons and speeds the flow of electrical signals between neurons and brain regions.…

Experiments allow researchers to intervene and change behavior. Experiments also allow researchers to examine more than two variables at a time. Correlation studies, on the other hand, allow researchers to observe patterns that are not manipulated as they are in experiments. Correlations studies also only allow two variables to be observed at one time so that “the direction and strength for the association between the two variables” (Noba, 2014, p. 37) can be determined. As stated above,…

consciousness. The human cerebral cortex is thick about 2-4mm.The cerebral cortex is gray matter, consisting mainly of cell bodies and capillaries. It contrasts with the underlying white matter, consisting mainly of the white myelinated sheaths of neuronal axons. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain makes it possible to measure the thickness of the human cerebral cortex. It varies the thickness of different cortical areas…

Structuralism, functionalism and psychodynamic theory contributes by showing up in schools and focused on a mental process in a more systematic and accurate manner. Both structuralism and functionalism are connected because functionalism can not work without structuralism because it sets the foundation of everything else. The five major perspectives are biological, psychodynamic, behavioral, cognitive and humanistic. Biological perspective looks at the way the nervous system, hormones and…

Neurotransmitters are the chemical messengers’ comprising of multiple endogenous chemicals allowing neurotransmission across synapses. During the neurotransmission a chemical is released from the axon terminal of a presynaptic neuron fabricating millions of synaptic connections that play a major role in modelling everyday activities. Through the process of staining and stimulations in experiments, researchers have now identified more than 100 unique chemical messenger types which can further be…

Nervous System (CNS) and the Peripheral System (PNS). The CNS contains everybody's brain and spinal cord; this is where our body receives sensory information, generates thoughts and emotions, and stores our memories at. Our PNS contains our nerves and axons; this section is responsible to give and take information to and from the CNS. Our Peripheral System is then broken into two more sections called the Somatic Nervous System (SNS) and the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS). The SNS allows the…

Peripheral nerve injury (PNI) can be caused by multiple different traumas, surgical complications and diseases like diabetic neuropathy or Guillain-Barre syndrome. Patients are left with chronic pain and disability of the innervated area. Facial nerve injury is one example of PNI. Facial nerve paralysis results in unilateral facial weakness, loss of function and difficulty to speak (1, 2). Speech, mastication and expression of emotions are based on the ability to move facial musculature, which…

Hospital readmission rate is a topic that I’ve always wanted to know more about. Working as a case manager, readmission rates and bed days are important factors of the quality of care of the patients., (Axon, R., & Williams, M. 2012). Centers for Medicare and Medicaid will also reduce payments to hospitals with high readmission rates within 30 days, for Pneumonia, Myocardial Infarction and Heart failure. Also, in improving bed days, some physicians can overlook the safe transition of care of…

information to nerve, muscle, or gland cells depending on the type of information given and specific task. Each neuron is divided into three essential parts: axons, dendrites, and soma. During the thirty-day experiment, my brain uses dendrites to receive information collected about triggering motion in my left arm. Information is analyzed, then sent to axons where the brain sends instructions to other cells throughout the body in order to perform a specific task (in this case shooting the…