Axon

The human body performs many complex processes on a daily basis it is a machine working overtime to make sure our bodies can function effortlessly and maintain homeostasis. Any disruption in the body and the body is ready to respond performing many complicated procedures to bring the human body back into balance. For example, if a person steps on a thumb tack many people would think that all that occurs is that the person feels pain and the individual jerks their leg in response due to that pain…

Blood pressure is the pressure applied by blood on the walls of blood vessels, it is controlled by a negative feedback system where heart rate and blood volume need to be altered in order to control the pressure. Local negative feedback systems and heart rate is regulated but the cardiovascular centre which also in turn controls neural and hormonal mechanisms. Neurons regulate heart rate and contractility and some neurons inhibit, stimulate or control heart rate by causing constriction which…

and from the brain at every second. 11 The differences between CNS and PNS include: 4 In the CNS, collections of neurons are called nuclei. In the PNS, collections of neurons are called ganglia. In the CNS, collections of axons are called tracts. In the PNS, collections of axons are called nerves. 8 Together the CNS and the PNS control every part of your daily life, from breathing and blinking to helping you memorize facts for a…

more likely to develop MS. It is believed to be an autoimmune disease, in which the body's immune system produces an abnormal response, attacking its own cells and tissues. In MS, the myelin, a fatty substance that surrounds, protects and insulates axons, is destroyed. This causes the electrical signals that travel along the nerve…

the end of the spinal cord has branches of nerves that extents to the lower limb of the body. The abnormal function of the spinal cord is when it becomes damage from disease like Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Multiple Sclerosis. Neurons from the axons are damage from the connective tissues. MS mistake myelin as…

receive an identical signal, a more efficient neuromuscular motor pattern develops. The process by which neurons become more efficient is called myelination. Through regular practice of a movement, a fatty white substance forms a sheath around the axons of nerve cells that allows the nerve impulse to move more quickly. The faster your nerve cells can fire, the faster your muscles can contract, the more ingrained a motor pattern gets in your neurobiology, and the easier and more natural a…

sodium ions and out flow of potassium ions, in result the end plate of the membrane potential is raised. This moves it close to threshold. Voltage gated calcium channels in the sarcolemma are opened by the end plate threshold and then rush into the axon terminal. The calcium released from the terminal cisternae of the sarcoplasm reacts on troponin, which exposes the myosin-binding site. The myosin heads latch on to the actin exposing active binding site, which form cross bridges. This is a…

presynaptic neuron to the synaptic cleft. There are receptors that are specific for the neurotransmitters on the postsynaptic neuron. The pain receptor is called nociceptor. In the painful event, action potential sent from the soma comes down along the axon to its terminal. Neurotransmitters are released and bind to the nociceptors on the postsynaptic neuron. That neuron is activated and sends pain signals to our brain and spinal…

anatomical change that multiple sclerosis has on the nervous system is cause the patient to have muscle spasms. Patients with this condition will most likely encounter this debilitating symptom. Spasticity can be caused by either deterioration of the axons or impairment of demyelinating plaques on the descending motor pathways (De Sa et al., 2011). In addition to that, increased muscle tone and decreased muscle dexterity are observed from this change (Boissya and A Cohen, 2015). Muscle spasms…

Some of those things were the Prefrontal Cortex, and White Matter and Gray Matter. In the textbook, it states that WM is myelinated axons of a neuron, while GM is just the cell body that is not myelinated (Santrock 88). So when looking back onto the article it is said the amount of myelinated axons that are in an adolescent brain increases resulting in less GM because there are less cells that are not myelinated. Then on the PFC aspect of things, both the book and…