Axon

known as adrenalin in the form of epinephrine from the postganglionic axons into the blood stream. The epinephrine is distributed into the circulatory system where it is distributed throughout the body. The epinephrine will travel to different places of the body and have different responses where ever it goes. Also epinephrine does not go into the cells of the body it only binds to the surface of cells by attaching to protein of cells. When it reaches the liver it binds to proteins and then…

The nervous system makes it possible for animals to know and react to the environment around them. A change or event that evokes a specific functional reaction in an organ or tissue is a stimulus. There can either be an internal or an external stimulus. Internal stimulus being something like hunger or pain, while external is more along the lines of a sound or an odor. The nervous system interprets stimuli and orders other organ systems to respond. The nervous system does so through using sensory…

Neuropathic pain whether based on an injury or a result of a form of dysfunction from the nervous system is still a condition which better treatment options are still being researched. Neuropathic pain can even be divided further into peripheral and central neuropathic pain. While peripheral pain may result from a disease, a more central neuropathic pain may result from damage to brain or spinal cord. [] Despite numerous medications in the market and therapy treatments which patients endure,…

Myasthenia gravis is a chronic autoimmune disease that targets the neuromuscular junction resulting in impaired impulse transmission and skeletal muscle weakness. The muscular weakness may exacerbate during periods of activity while improving after periods of rest, occurring with various severities. Muscles that control the eyes, eyelids, facial expression, swallowing, and talking can also be affected. Symptoms are presented as drooping of the eyelids, called ptosis, blurred or double vision,…

When something we touch is bad for us we all want to be able to feel it and pull away as fast as we can to not cause trauma to our skin or even worse, the trauma is so bad that it ends up in death. Tactile perception is a very important part to us humans and animals and without it we wouldn’t be here. Tactile perception is the sense of touch. It also has to do with the brain’s ability to perceive what is being touched. Touch is a complex system called the somatosensory system; the sense that…

neurotransmitter and sends it back to the axon terminal. Effectiveness is varied and while it’s is effective it is often replaced by other antidepressants. Some of the side effects are blurred vision, constipations, dry mouth, low blood pressure on standing, fluctuations in weight and increased heart weight. Individuals suffer from renal failure and history of seizures may not be prescribed this medication.…

speed of electrical impulses to the brain for interpretation and protection of the axon. The myelin sheath’s high electrical resistance and weak ability to store an electrical charge allows it to permit conduction of nerve impulses from…

Muscles (Grip strength) In this week’s lab, we was doing an experiment on forearm, and its muscle fiber with nerves. The forearm is a part that between the primates’ elbow and wrist. Forearms contain connective tissue, nerve tissue and muscle tissue. In which, connective tissue is just radius and ulnar bones. However, there are a great deal of muscles and nerves in the forearm. When a nerve impulse transmission to synaptosomes induced depolarization, allows calcium ions to enter the cell…

These proteins slide past each other in the presence of calcium ions (Ca2+) and ATP resulting in muscle contraction and relaxation (See Figure). The skeletal muscle motor unit consists of a motor neuron and the muscle fibers innervated by the neurons axon terminals. When an action potential reaches the end of the motor…

It is due to unbalanced diffusion of water in the axons of the white matter of the brain. This is a complex issue to understand for the average person and even the average doctor, but in the long run an increase in parameters for head injuries would be beneficial for patients enduring TBI and other head…