Axon

uncontrollable jerky movements, they look like they are parts or fragments of a complete movement. This disease is first shown when there is a deterioration in the caudate nucleus and the putamen, or more specifically in the spiny inhibitory neurons that have axons that move to the external division of the globus pallidus. With the loss of inhibition, which is provided by the GABA secreting neurons, the activity of the GPe is increased. This then will inhibit the subthalamic nucleus. Because…

1. Discuss what a neuron is and the functions of its basic parts (dendrites, soma, axon, myelin sheath). A neuron is a nerve cell. There are about 10,000 specific types of neurons, but there are three most common neurons: sensory, motor, and interneurons. A sensory neuron sends signals to help your brain understand what is going on around you in your environment. Sensory neurons are what make up your senses, (smell, touch, see, taste, and hear.)…

Charcot –Marie –Tooth (CMT) Disorder is an inherited disorder affecting the peripheral nerves. Charcot-Marie-Tooth disorder is also named Hereditary Sensory and Motor Neuropathy (HSMN) because sensory loss is combined with leg weakness and foot deformities. This disorder is the most common inherited nerve disorder. Additionally, there are some forms of CMT that are inherited through recessive genes. Individuals who are affected, but their parents are not, mean their parents had the CMT gene…

create and generate nerve impulses; the neurons are made up of dendrites, cell body and an axon. What are dendrites responsible for? Dendrites are branching projections that receive messages (impulses) from other neurons. What are axons responsible for? Axons are tube like structures that transmits signals over a great distance to other neurons, muscles and organs, although not all neurons have axons. What is the cell body responsible for? The cell body is responsible for producing…

The most common cause is Multiple Sclerosis, or MS. About half the patients who have MS develop an episode of Optic Neuritis. Axons from retinal ganglion cells form the retinal nerve fiber layer, the optic nerve, the chiasm, and optic tracts that connect with lateral geniculate nucleus. From lateral geniculate nucleus emerge the optic radiations and finally the visual cortex. The…

[1] The optic nerve is formed by axons of the retinal ganglion cells. [2, 14] These cells contribute to the pupillary light reflex but contribute little to vision [15], showing that they themselves were not damaged in this case as the dog had a pupillary light reflex. There are 3 types…

This structure layout is an indicator of the cells function, they link the inner and outer retina. The bipolar cells contact photoreceptors and transmit the signals to the inner plexiform layer of the retina. The inner plexiform layer is where the axon terminals of different bipolar cells arrange into one specific inner plexiform layer and give synaptic signals to amacrine and retinal ganglion cells. Retinal ganglion cells are neurons that conduct output signals while the amacrine cells…

nonvascularized areas, and the short length allows for complete permeation of Schwann Cells. In cases where nerve gap is less than 1 cm, results are better than those seen in autografts. But, neurons aren 't singularly linear structures, their axon can branch out into multiple axons (known as contralaterals). Thus leading to more complex configurations (no longer a singular tube), having multiple component compositions within its inner lining (or surface area), are seen and used in present day.…

The pathophysiology of methamphetamine abuse and addiction Introduction Addiction is a neurological disorder that impairs reward system in the brain (Peter and Charles, 2007). Methamphetamine is the second most illicitly abused drug after Cannabis in Australia (McKetin et al., 2009). It is one of the most powerful and addictive stimulant that causes brain dysfunctions. Methamphetamine increases release of neurotransmitter dopamine that is involved in reward and generation of pleasurable emotions…

Smoking has a large effect on all systems of the body. W.R, a 48 year old plumber has a 36- pack year smoking history. One of the major effects of smoking is atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is the hardening and narrowing of the blood vessels due to a fat and plaque buildup on the vessels. Some of the major risk factors for atherosclerosis include hypercholesterolemia, increasing age, sex- male being more prevalent than females, high blood cholesterol levels, cigarette smoking, obesity, and…