Aversives

phase one during phase three. The results indicated task demands no longer served as antecedents to the maladaptive behaviors. The results may indicate that the social comments when paired with task demands served as establishing stimuli. Pairing the aversive stimuli task demands with…

reinforcement. Positive reinforcements are given after a desired or accepted behavior occurs (e.g. a happy face, a praise, candies, etc.). During negative reinforcement, an aversive stimulus is removed immediately following a behavior. For example a child does his/her homework (behavior); he is rewarded by not having to clean his room (aversive stimulus). Importantly, reinforcements seek to increase the likelihood that desired behaviors occur; in other word, it tells the person what to do,…

lying and procrastination the consequences, the behavior is more likely to reoccur. Alcoholism is a reinforced behavior but alcoholism is an escape behavior. Compared to an avoidance behavior. An escape behavior results in the termination of the aversive stimuli present when the behavior occurs (Miltenberger, 2012). An example for a three-term contingency for alcoholism would begin with, Partner feels guilty after an argument (SD). The behavior results in partner drink all night and eventually…

As opposed to traditional, overt racism, which is characterized by overt hatred for and explicit discrimination against racial/ethnic minorities, aversive racism is characterized by more complex, ambivalent expressions and attitudes. Aversive racism is similar in implications to the concept of symbolic or modern racism (described below), which is also a form of implicit, unconscious, or covert attitude which results in unconscious forms of…

The basic idea of Applied Behavioural Analysis (ABA) is that the adults identify the contingencies and circumstances which can affect behaviours, and use them to strengthen, weaken or maintain behaviours (Schwieso & Hastings, 1986, p. 83; Lovitt, 2012, p. 253). The accent on behaviour modification is based on the assumption that as soon as the children are shown to be used to a new behaviour, usually welcomed by adults, they have ‘learnt’ something (Woolfolk & Margetts, 2013, p. 220). This paper…

Substance abuse is a growing problem in the world today and there ae many factors that play a part in substance abuse addiction. Early interactions in life have the biggest effects in our development. From childhood to adulthood our ongoing relationships with family and friends have proven to have the highest influence in the increase of addictions. Everything from stress to major events can lead someone to dependency on substances whether it be drugs or alcohol. These addictions have taken on a…

The students will likely stop talking and being disruptive to stop the beeping from continuing. The beeping in this case is considered to be an aversive stimulus. Using the beeping to get the class to refocus and quiet down is likely to keep them from getting rowdy and disruptive in the future. This is similar to the principles at play in the seatbelt example described earlier. The students would…

“The Three Things Every Man Needs: Support, Loyalty, and the Cookie” (Harvey et al., pg, 28) Yes, these are the three things that Harvey states that every man needs from “their woman” in exchange for men to profess their love for their lady, to provide, and to protect them from anyone or anything. Harvey says that men are extremely simple creatures, but this concept is a little puzzling. Why do women have to continuously have sex with them, be loyal, and support any endeavor they may have, just…

for multiple sadistic offenses, and although he seems cured the methods and side affects are frightening. The film on its own would be enough to keep me far away from this therapy, but other reasons I would take into consideration before undergoing aversive conditioning would be the low rates of continuous success and the things that can go wrong with conditioning such as our cognition influencing it and the possibility of it undergoing “extinction” as Alex seems to eventually do in the film or…

within a box that contained food and a lever, was built on the foundation given by E.L. Thorndike’s Law of Effect (Chance, 2014). Skinner recognized two kinds of reinforcing events; one in which a positive stimulus is presented and the other which and aversive stimulus is removed. The point of reinforcement is to grow the likelihood of that behavior happening again. While punishment decreases the likelihood of the behavior happening again. One thing to remember is that the purpose of positive…