Aversives

Introduction Everyone has heard that myth that children simply do not like eating vegetables. However, this myth is quickly debunked if a child is asked which vegetable is their favorite. Not all children like all kinds of vegetables, but they usually have an answer ready. Whether if it is broccoli because it is shaped like a tree or carrots because they have a crunchy texture, there is always some explanation of why they like a particular vegetable or fruit. In the end, children tend to make…

Alienation, totalitarianism and genocide The concept of Alienation The problem of alienation has a long history and presents a complex and a vast range of its problematic issues. It is a state where one group is isolated from other groups or activities. Marxist described the condition from a capitalist point of view. He described it as a condition where workers were exploited and lacked identity with the products of their labour in the capitalist economy (Kon, 1969). The concept has; however,…

Criticisms As with any theory, the strain theory draws great criticism. One of the major criticisms is the fact that the strain theory is based on weak empirical support. Scholars have argued that the strain theory was improperly measured suggesting that the main concept of the strain theory was improperly measured in previous research (Burton & Cullen, 1992). A criticism made by Bernard (1987), is that the strain theories do not predict relationships at the individual level between crime and…

different rooms was a major attribute to this study. The control group (unstressed crayfish) tended to explore the entire maze, whereas the exposed crayfish tended to favor the dark areas and often ceased movement before entering the lightened areas. Aversive responses of tail-flips were also recorded. Aside from the physical discoveries, blood glucose levels were also increased in the stressed crayfish. To argue the correlation between stress and anxiety, the study states: “These changes were…

There is a lot of controversy over personality testing as well. The most common criticism touches validity and reliability of this method. Annie Murphy Paul in her book “The Cult of Personality” questioning validation and reliability of personality testing. She says: “often invalid, unreliable, and unfair”. She describes personality test as an industrial astrology and critics this form of assessment as “slippery, often underground, hard to monitor and measure “In her opinion very often tests are…

Behavioral Key Figures: Just list the key people associated with the theory Ivan Pavlov, John Watson, and B.F. Skinner Key Concepts of Personality Formation: This should be about two paragraphs discussing the key concepts of the theory and how they relate to personality development. Do not just list! According to the behaviorist approach, theorists see personality as part of a learned behaviors attained by either classical or operant conditioning, (Kagan, 2001). Classical conditioning is the…

Procrastinate Procrastinating: The Controversy Between Continuing and Stopping Students' Procrastinating Tokyo Gakugei University International Secondary School: Grade 3, Class 3, Number 25, Michi Hosokawa It is effortless to feel reluctant and delay to undertake tasks, whereas being unable to stop the habit of prolonging complicates circumstances. As most have probably perceived from experiencing stress, it costs their health negatively. Surprisingly, people have been procrastinating for years…

“Agriculture Needs More Women” by Sonia Faruqi, is an article published by The Atlantic on September 25, 2013. This article expresses the agriculture industries dire need of women for gender based equality and their capability to empathize animals. Faruqi persuades and informs women with factual compliments about their ability to ultimately improve agriculture. Relatable and easily understood, while using all three appeals of rhetoric, Faruqi’s message is efficiently conveyed. Faruqi establishes…

the positive and negative consequences of behaviour. • Positive consequences are the result of a person’s behaviour that a person finds attractive. • Negative consequences are the result of a person’s behaviour that a person finds unattractive and aversive. Reinforcement • Reinforcement is the attempt to develop or strengthen desirable behaviour by either bestowing positive consequences or withholding negative consequences. • Negative reinforcement occurs when managers withhold a negative…

has the probability of leading one’s leadership to a more problem-solving focused and positive leader with regards to their implicit theories of leadership, while maladaptive reflection has the likelihood of deflecting one’s leadership to a problem aversive and negative leader. This is to simply say that the kind of reflections sensitizes or primes one acquires in their leadership aspects relate to the implicit theories of leadership that they themselves…