Aversives

For many generations parents and schools have used time outs on children under the age of 5 this is supposed to help the child learn their lesson. Many people believe that children should get time outs for a couple different reasons. The first reason is so the child will learn their lesson and understand what they did wrong. The second reason is children are fueled by attention time outs can help the child eventually stop that action. Lastly time outs help discipline children and respect their…

Leon Festinger’s cognitive dissonance theory revolutionized the world of social psychology. It did so by focusing on the on-going cognitions in people’s minds, particularly- dissonant cognitions. His model stated that unpleasant feelings produced by dissonant cognitions motivate us to do something to change our state. My essay will focus on the reduction of dissonance, as I noted it to be an interesting phenomena which can be done in a multitude of ways- the most convenient being convincing…

Infant maltreatment is a significant public health and social welfare issue that negatively affects the lives of countless individuals. The source of infant maltreatment cannot be attributed to one key factor, but multiple predisposing factors that involve the individual, the family/caretaker, and the community/environment. The ACEs study has verified that child abuse, neglect and persistent trauma without intervention can affect the health and development of the victim and produce lifelong…

Martin and his parents were referred to psychological assessment upon the school guidance counselor’s request due to Martin’s poor attendance at the school associated with his anxiety problem. According to school counselor report, the client had missed the fifteen days of school and been late twenty-three days, which indicates the risk of expelling from the school based on school district attendance policy. Martin and his parents acknowledged his absenteeism problem during the transition process…

Burrhus Frederic Skinner was born on March 20, 1904 in Susquehanna Pennsylvania, a small town located on the Susquehanna River about twenty-three miles away from New York. As a youngster Skinner showed an interest in building different types of gadgets and contraptions. After spending his last six years being a professor of psychology at Harvard, Skinner was diagnosed with leukemia in 1989 and ended up dying on August 18, 1990 at the ripe old age of 86 in Cambridge, Massachusetts. In his later…

In the short story Going to Meet the Man by James Baldwin, we see how a young, open-minded boy can grow into a full-fledged racist based on extensive conditioning. With aspects cultivating from his environment, jealousy and the resulting hatred, as well as the seeming normality behind accepting these beliefs, these are the major reasons that guide Jesse’s development. Through the process of racial conditioning, Jesse goes from a young man with an African American friend, to someone who is not…

Completing my work and improving my grades would pay off in the long term as well. When I began applying for college I felt proud to see A’s and B’s on my transcript. Doing my homework became positively reinforcing because my grades improved and my chances of getting in to the college I wanted went up. A long term goal that I also had was to get a job I really wanted at a place that I wanted. I knew that if I didn’t change my actions that I would be punished by being denied a teaching…

Give the objects an aversive odor by attaching cotton balls containing the scent of orange, lemon, or eucalyptus oil, a muscle rub or other unpleasant odor. Be careful with odors, though, because you don't want the nearby acceptable objects also to smell unpleasant. Consider…

Question 11 HIV/AIDS is a very serious, life-threatening, and almost entirely preventable disease. With increased education and awareness, we can continue to decrease the number of new cases each year, encourage all to become knowledgeable about the disease and get tested, and bring attention and care to current HIV/AIDS patients. One of the most at-risk groups to become infected with HIV/AIDS is young adults, who made up 39 percent of all new infections and 15 percent of all people living…

When trying to figure out where most of the issues we face as adults stems from there is often one common denominator. Most of these issues can be traced back to how your family functioned. The values that were emphasized, the roles each member played and the interactions that occurred all play a significant role in how we function as people. At the core of most of our distress and accomplishments is our family dynamic and ultimately what occurred within your family has the ability to impact…