Autoimmunity

In idiopathic type 1B Diabetes the beta cells are destroyed however, there is no evidence of autoimmunity present. The persons mostly affected though few in number are of African or Asian descent. This type of diabetes is inherited, and suffers of this disorder have episodic ketoacidosis due to varying degrees of insulin deficiency with absolute insulin…

Autoimmunity refers to the presence of antibodies and T cells that reacts with self--antigens but this self-reactivity does not necessarily mean a pathogenic outcome. Autoimmune disease features injury caused by the immunologic reaction of the body with its…

3. RESULTS 3.1. Patients and controls All patients and controls were in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium () The rs243324 polymorphism showed evidence of Hardy–Weinberg disequilibrium in the patients and controls in total (P¼0.001) but not in the children in ALSPAC (Table 1), this was due to a slight excess in heterozygotes compared with the number expected The mean age of disease onset was 29.5 (ranging from 17-46) years, and the mean duration of disease was 5.46 (ranging from 1-31) years. Some…

Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome (LEMS) is a rare, neuromuscular junction autoimmune disease. The immune system produces immunoglobulin G antibodies against voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCC) residing on the cell membrane of the presynaptic nerve ending.1,3,5,6 The etiology of LEMS is decreased exocytosis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine from presynaptic neurons into the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) caused by autoantibodies attacking VGCCs.3,7.10 There are two distinct groups of LEMS…

A mother’s worst fear is receiving a life shattering call from her daughter’s teacher saying she wasn’t acting like herself. The first question brought into speculation was depression. Just as a mother would do, she watched for signs herself. A week or so later an accident happened. The daughter awoke her mother during the night and right away the mother knew something was wrong. The daughter told her mother that she wasn’t sure if she was sweating profusely while sleeping or if she had wet…

Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is an inflammatory disorder of the liver, which was described for the first time in the 1950s by Jan G. Waldenström (Mieli-Vergani & Vergani, 2009). The exact cause of AIH is unknown (Czaja & Freese, 2002) and because of ambiguity in diagnosing the disease the exact incidence of AIH is difficult to quantify, but reported incidences range from one in 200,000 in the general population in the United States to twenty in 100,000 females in Spain (Mieli-Vergani & Vergani,…

The human body consists of multiple systems working together to keep us alive and well. These systems include: the skeletal system, muscular system, cardiovascular system, digestive system, respiratory system, reproductive system, nervous system, endocrine system, urinary system and immune system. Each of these systems has its own role in allowing our body to function appropriately. However, each is interdependent. Therefore, if one system becomes compromised for any reason, other body systems…

million individuals in the United States and have been studied for decades, their etiology is still not well understood. 3 Current causal theories are complex and include a possible genetic predisposition, the presence of immune hyperactivity or autoimmunity, disrupted microbiome, and environmental triggers.…

Introduction The immune system is a collection of cells, tissues and molecules that protect our body from toxins and microbes in the environment. It serves as our defense against molecules that our body does not recognize as its own. This system contains two divisions: the innate immune system and adaptive immune system. Both systems differ in the types of cells produced and the time and length in mounting a response. Inflammatory bowel disease is a chronic inflammatory disease including…

Introduction The Central Nervous System (CNS) has been considered devoid of lymphatic vasculature, and for years, the theory of the nonexistence of the lymphatic system in the brain has been accepted as a biological/anatomical fact. This very basic fact of neuro-anatomy has recently been upset by two independent studies, revealing that the brain does, in fact, have a functional lymphatic system. Although this study was originally done on mice brains, there have been similar findings in human…