Autoimmunity

Why It's Real A recent study revealed that patients with chronic fatigue syndrome have low levels of cytokines in their blood, especially in the early stages of the illness. Cytokines are proteins made by the cells of the immune system. They are responsible for blocking viral replication and driving inflammatory response. Where You Can Do More Research http://www.psmag.com/health-and-behavior/clues-the-immune-system-is-behind-chronic-fatigue-syndrome http://www.washingtonpost.com/news/to-y…

Carol is a 17-year-old patient who has been admitted to hospital. She has previously been diagnosed with Type 1 diabetes, and has been suffering from this since the age of 7. Carol is 6 weeks pregnant, and is showing signs of dehydration, high blood glucose, weight loss and changes in mood. It is important to understand the underlying cause of Carol’s symptoms to eliminate any problems in both her babies and her own health. This can be done through critically analysing the pathophysiology of her…

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Isaac Anzaldua Norma Beardwood (Roper), MBA, M. Ed., RDN, LD, LPC, CEDS DIET 4252 August 31, 2015 Introduction Basic Overview Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus is a disease; which occurs through high blood concentrations as a byproduct of issues concerning insulin mechanisms. Individuals with this disease produce an inadequate amount of insulin. The primary defect is the pancreatic beta-cell destruction; usually leading to hyperglycemia, polyuria, polydipsia, weight loss,…

Pathophysiology Insulin is made by special cells called beta cells that are produced by the pancreas. Insulin is used to regulate glucose for metabolism. Insulin allows glucose to enter cells and without this glucose would not enter the cells of the body and blood sugar levels would rise in the blood, resulting in hyperglycemia. This process of high sugar in the blood without metabolism will eventually develop into Diabetes Mellitus. There are two types of Diabetes, Type 1 and Type 2. Either…

autoreactive B cells within the immune system is expected because these are useful in clearing out unwanted substances within the body, such as some types of waste; however, a large amount of these autoreactive cells is not desired because it indicates autoimmunity. If many autoreactive cells are being produced in a healthy immune system, the checkpoints prevent them from being released into the body. In SLE, these checkpoints malfunction, leading to an increased number of autoreactive B cells…

Severe Combined Immune Deficiency as described by the immune deficiency foundation, is a “cellular immunodeficiency and a potentially fatal primary immunodeficiency in which there is combined absence of T-lymphocyte and B-lymphocyte function” (Immune Deficiency Foundation IDF, 2016). The lymphatic system comprises of organs and tissue that produce immune cells and one of their main functions is to confer immunity to every part of the body. The function of the T-lymphocyte and B-lymphocyte in the…

Pregnancy and celiac can be a detrimental problem but only when left untreated. I have personal experience with someone close to me who was diagnosed with celiac disease almost one year ago. After trying for over a year to get pregnant for a second time and give her 3-year-old son a sibling, she is now 6 months pregnant and due to have a sweet baby girl in March of 2017. I saw the struggle and pain that she went through and, fortunately, was there to see the relief in her soul when she finally…

The intention of this systematic review of literature is to evaluate the validity of chiropractic as a specific tool in the management of infertility. The challenge in all of this is not only to understand the role of vertebral subluxation on fertility but to understand infertility as a whole. Epidemiology Infertility is defined as the failure to reproduce after twelve months of unprotected sexual intercourse. It is estimated that between 50 and 80 million couples of childbearing age are…

Chapter Two Literature Review 2.1 Multiple Sclerosis Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that remains incurable. The disease manifests as a wide range of neurological deficits including cognitive impairment, impaired coordination, visual disturbances, and extremity numbness (Weinshenker et al., 1989). MS affects approximately 400,000 people in the US and 2.5 million worldwide and it is the most common inflammatory neurological disease…

implementing and maintaining antitumor response. (citation). a broad tumor ingression by cytotoxic CD8+ T cells was heavily correlated with patient survival and react to therapy. Hence, additional studies have observed that cancer reversion and autoimmunity caused by cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 blockade in patients with metastatic melanoma. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) is an essential immune-regulatory molecule (showed on triggered T cells and a portion…