Aurangzeb

Akbar was an enlightened and successful administrator. It goes to the credit of Akbar that the subsequent Mughal rulers followed in principle the administrative policy developed by him. Babur and Humayun had little time to take any initiative in formulating any administrative policy worth the name. Important features of Akbar’s administration are given below: Akbar’s ideal of Kingship. According to him, “Upon the conduct of a monarch depends the efficiency of any course of action. His…

1. Today, India and the United States share similarities in the diversity found within their citizens, but I would argue, there is a higher degree of differences regarding both. In Octavio Paz’s, In Light of India, he makes note of the striking similarities of India and Mexico but first, points to their inversion of creation. Paz, on Mexico, claims “the pre-Hispanic civilization was destroyed, and what survives are its remnants: in India, the ancient civilization is a reality that encompasses…

The importance of knowledge in the Islamic world was intrinsic to its culture. For, the Prophet Muhammad had repeatedly stressed on the importance of knowledge and learning: “Acquire knowledge, it enables its possessor to distinguish right from wrong; it lights the way to heaven. It is our friend in the desert, our company in solitude and companion when friendless. It guides us to happiness, it sustains us in misery, it is an ornament amongst friends and an armour against enemies.” Several…

From the 1300s to 1700s, three powers dominated parts of Africa, Asia, and Europe. These powers were the Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal Empires. The success of these three is contributed largely to their strong armies and mastery of advanced artillery. This leading weaponry allowed them to conquer neighboring peoples and expand their territory exponentially. Due to this common attribute, these three Empires are all referred to as “Gunpowder Empires”. The longest lasting of these was the Ottoman…

The Mughals ruled northern India from 1526 – 1857 AD where the Lodhi’s was the last dynasty to rule India. The invasion started all because of India's reputation of being the only known source of diamond mines in the world and it's flushing International trade attracted many invasions. “North Indian kingdoms resisted invasions by Arab and Turks for centuries, but soon small Islamic empires or Sultanate were established in several parts of the north. Before these invasions, Muslim trading…

conquered India and consolidated their power there, they carried the art of gardening like other fine arts to the highest pitch ever attained by it before. The greatest epoch of the Mughals was spread over the reign of six Emperors from Babar to Aurangzeb. During this time the successive Emperors, their wives and their noblemen created innumerable gardens in northern India. An enduring part of Iranian art and tradition were the paradise-parks or the paradise gardens, a concept which goes far…

POLITICAL SITUATION OF INDIA DURING ANGLO-FRENCH WAR The Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb died in 1707. Bahadur Shah I succeeded him. However, there was a significant decline in the central control over the empire during the tenure of Jahandar Shah and later emperors. In the mean time, Nizam-ul-Mulk established Hyderabad as an independent kingdom. After his death, his son: Nasir Jung and his grandson: Muzaffar Jung started to fight against each other for the throne, which gave an opportunity to French…

This article focuses on the 19th century India in the social, historical, religious, political and cultural contexts.The pre-renaissance period can be marked as the background to welcome the Renaissance in India with a special reference to the advent of the British in India as an external influence on the internal, as the influence of the West on the East.India as an identity rests not only on the history of discrete people but also on cultures given its socio-political, socio-religious and…

17th century. Under Mughal emperors, roads were built, trade prospered, and the arts flourished. The Mughals governed northern India, and over time, their rule extended from Afghanistan in the west to Bengal in the east. Eventually, the emperor Aurangzeb moved the capital from Agra to Delhi and pushed the empire’s borders far to the south, but many Mughal constructions remained in Agra. The tour will focus on a variety of monuments; including gardens, tombs, and forts,…

Khushwant Singh (1915- ) was born in a village called Handali ( now in Pakistan). He pursued education from the Government College, Lahore followed by at King’s College, Cambridge University and at the Inner Temple in London. He initially chose to be a lawyer by profession and had practiced at the Lahore High Court for years. Later on he joined the Indian Ministry of External Affairs in 1947. He even left this job and started an illustrious career as a journalist with the All India Radio in…