Atrial septal defect

Atrial septal defect (ASD) is an abnormal communication between the atria (McCance, Huether, Brashers, & Rote, 2010, p. 1219). It is considered as the fourth most common congenital heart defect, comprising about 5% to 10% of all congenital cardiac defects. The causes of ASD remains unknown, but it was thought that genetics play a role. A person with no other heart defect, or a small defect (less than 5 millimeters) may remain asymptomatic, or manifest symptoms later in life ("MedlinePlus," 2014). Most children with ASD are asymptomatic and rarely display any symptoms of pulmonary overcirculation. Since children do not manifest any symptoms of this condition, discovery of it is sometimes incidental, usually during routine physical examination. A crescendo-decrescendo systolic ejection murmur, which is auscultated between the second and third intercostal spaces along the left sternal border is a sign that alerts the healthcare provider to pursue work-up of the suspicious murmur. In order to confirm the diagnosis, an ECG and…

Atrial septal defects(ASD) is a highly prevalent congenital heart disease [1]. There are four major types of ASD: Ostium Secundum, ostium premium, sinus venous, and coronary sinus [2]. The ostium atrial septal defect is an abnormally large opening in the atrial septum. During the early embryo stages, the atria enlarge, and the septum primum develops with the progression of the embryo. At the final development stages of the embryo and as the heart matures the ostium primum completely shuts;…

The Atrial Septal Defect,the Atrial Septal defect also known as ASD is a disorder that starts when you are born usually causing a hole in a chamber by the left or right atria.The hole causes mixture with clean oxygenated blood and low dark oxygenated blood.The treatments are medications and therapy the bad thing is you have to take medications 5 or 3 times a day,but for the symptoms are a different story as it is hard to live with. This disease is severe and causes other Heart defects it is…

Any sort of symptoms depends on the size and the location of the VSD. Small VSDs usually won't cause any type of symptoms, and might close on their own later on. Older kids or teens who have small VSDs that don't close usually have no symptoms other than the heart murmur which is the extra noise and if this is the case visiting a doctor is permitted. Medium and large VSDs that haven't been treated in childhood may cause noticeable symptoms. Babies may have faster breathing and get tired out…

About 40,000 babies each year are born with a congenital heart defect (“Congenital Heart Defect”). It also states in the article that the most common type of heart defect is the ventricular septal defect. A ventricular septal defect is a flaw in the septum; the septum is a “wall” in the lower chambers of the heart that separates the left and right side (“Ventricular Septal Defect”; “Atrioventricular Canal Defect in Children”). Parents are able to be more aware if their child acquires the defect…

Tetralogy of Fallot is the most common congenital defect. I find it to be a very interesting topic for various reasons. One of them is because the first open heart surgery in America over half a century ago was to fix Tetralogy of Fallot. One of the other reasons is that this is a very complex defect and it is a defect that we cannot prevent from occurring. From the very first surgery to fix Tetralogy of Fallot it was a successful procedure. Over time technology and new research has benefited…

Final impression found mildly dilated left ventricle with normal wall thickness and normal systolic function with an estimated ejection fraction is fifty to fifty-five percent. Thickened mitral valve with mild to moderate aortic stenosis and mild regurgitation is also present with an aortic valve area of 2.0 cm2 and a mean gradient of 11mmHg. Lastly mild left atrial and right atrium enlargement. The patient also had a White Blood Cell Local Study NM which is an imaging test that uses a…

Other tests that can be useful but not used for a definitive diagnosis are hemoglobin and hematocrit studies, chest x-ray, magnetic resonance imaging, and electrocardiography. Treatments Surgical treatment is required but due to TOF being a progressive disorder the timing of the surgery may be different because of the severity of the anomaly. Currently the trend is to have the surgery before the age of one year old, in which the primary operation is usually performed under cardiopulmonary…

Congenital heart diseases refers to the structural (anatomical) or physiological defects in the normal functioning of the heart as a result of birth defects that may be diagnosed soon after birth or may take years to produce full blown cardiac insufficiency. Valvular heart defects form the most common variety of congenital cardiac defect that is associated with high morbidity and mortality in adult years if no management options are employed. This is because the metabolic demands of the body…

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a serious medical condition that causes poor blood flow. It is sometimes referred to as chronic because it can last for years. Though, treatable by medical professional but can lead to complication. AF, is the most common type of abnormal or irregular rhythm of the heart (arrhythmia) affecting millions but mostly associated with aged or older person. The frequent occurrence “of AF increases with age, with the prevalence of 0.1% in person under 55 years of age, up to…