Atrial fibrillation

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia with a significant impact in morbidity and mortality (1). One of the well-established treatments for symptomatic atrial fibrillation is catheter-based ablation (2). AF ablation is a complex interventional procedure associated with potential risk of thromboembolic complications as periprocedural stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) and cardiac tamponade (1, 2). Approximately, from 0 to 7 % of AF patients undergoing…

On a physical exam palpitations are a common symptom of AF often described as a rapid “fluttering in the chest,” with irregular “fluttering” that suggests AF, atrial flutter, or tachycardia with variable block.11 In patients with chronic atrial fibrillation, in-office exercise such as a brisk walk in the hallway may reveal an intermittent accelerated ventricular response as the cause of the palpitations.11 The clinician should look for signs of hyperthyroidism, or signs of stimulant drug use…

The reason is due to embolisation of stasis-induced thrombi forming in the left atrial appendage. Atrial fibrillation accounts for about 10 percent of ischaemic strokes. The risk of stroke can be estimated using the CHADS2 risk stratification system. It involves 1 point for each of congestive heart failure, hypertension, age greater than 75 years old…

done to identify the Cardiac activity in very sensible manner. The normal ECG signal consists of P wave which indicates atrial contraction, the QRS Complex indicates ventricular contraction and the T wave indicates…

treatment and responses; include other medical problems, medication experience per patient, drug allergies, current meds, etc.) Medical conditions: HA is a 60-year-old white male with three conditions, atrial fibrillation, hypertension and gastroesophageal reflux disease. His atrial fibrillation and hypertension are controlled by medications. But he began the onset of worse heartburn 7 days ago which he believed was triggered by stress, he tried 20 mg omeprazole capsules in the morning to treat…

GERD: Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease is most commonly known as “heartburn”. It refers to the back flow of gastric or duodenal contents or both into the esophagus and past the lower esophageal sphincter, without associated belching or vomiting. The reflux of gastric contents causes acute epigastric pain, usually after a meal. Common causes are: food, alcohol, or cigarettes, hiatal hernia, increased abdominal pressure (such as with obesity or pregnancy), medications, nasogastric intubation for…

Dronaderone is the analogue of amiodarone which is used for patients with persistent or paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. It is used for the maintenance of sinus rhythm and persistent or paroxysmal atrial flutter who are in sinus rhythm or undergoing cardioversion after initiation of the drug. Dronaderone (Multaq) is sodium and potassium ion channels blocker, like amiodarone. It is also an alpha and beta adrenergic receptor antagonist. Dronaderone is a benzo furan derivative like amiodarone, with…

CEA surgery is indicated if CVA occurred within the past 6 months in patients with documented ipsilateral carotid artery stenosis (70%–99%). Depending on age, gender and other comorbidities CEA is indicated in patients with recent CVA and documented moderate same sided carotid stenosis (50%– 69%) The estimated perioperative morbidity and mortality risk must be <50%. Include antiplatelet and statin in managing patients with carotid artery stenosis and stroke. For patients with stroke…

physicians performed a study on the effects between physiologic pacing (dual chamber or atrial) and single chamber pacing (ventricular). The researchers were trying to determine whether the physiologic pacing is superior to the single chamber pacing as previous thought. The way they would determine this is to take a sample of patients that will receive one of the above pace makers and compare the results of atrial fibrillation, stroke, or death due to the heart. The researchers gathered their…

Introduction Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common heart rhythm disorder. It is an irregular and rapid heart rate caused by heart tissue giving out erratic electrical signals that can increase a person’s risk of stroke, heart failure and other heart-related complications. The risk of AF increases with age with people over the age of 40 having a 25% chance of developing AF. With the increase in aging population in Singapore, there will be higher incidence of AF. Thus there is a need to come…