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Demitri Mendeleeve was a Russian chemist who invented the first periodic table in 1869. The periodic table he made was very different from the modern day periodic table we know today. Henry Moseley updated Mendeleev's version of the periodic table in 1915. This is more like the periodic table that we know and use today. The only difference is that there has been many more elements added. Mendeleeve also had predicted a lot of the characteristics and properties of elements that would fill up…

Electrochromism is the reversible change in optical properties when a material is electrochemically oxidized or reduced[6] and can be simply represented by Equation (1), where M+ can be H+, Li+, Na+ or K+ , 0 < x < 1, and e- are denoting electrons.[2] (transparent) WO3 + xM+ + xe- ↔ 2 MxWO3 (deep blue) ------------- Equation (1) An electrochromic system consists of an ion-containing material (electrolyte) that is of close proximity to the electrochromic layer and the transparent layers…

INTRODUCTION Background The macrocyclic organic molecules Phthalocyanines (1) which are comparable to the naturally occurring porphyrin (2) ring systems shown in (Figure 1). The porphyrin molecule consists up of four pyrrole subunits which are associated in n-conjugation by methine carbons. 1 2 Figure 1: structures of phthalocyanine and porphyrins molcule The compound…

In the organic disordered materials, the charge transport is occurred by variable range hopping (VRH) of charge carriers between strongly localized states [22-25, 30, 58-61]. The VRH model proposed by Vissenberg and Matters model that considers the hopping percolation of thermally activated carriers between localized states is the most model used for describing charge transport in the disordered organic semiconductors and modeling the electrical characteristics OTFTs [27, 58]. Indeed, the…

The zeolite XRD analysis result showed that it is 100% Clinoptilolite ─ Ca with the chemical formula Si29.04Al6.96O96.40Na1.92Ca1.57Ba0.32K0.56Mg0.72. Particle size distribution and Zeta potential for minerals have been carried out using Zeta sizer nano series (Nano ZS), Malvern, UK - Size range (nm):0.6:6000 nm and Zeta potential range (mV): (-200:200 mV) and analysis results are presented in Table 3. They The minerals were applied before planting in two separate rates ≈ 595.24 and 1190.48 5…

PRINT YOUR OWN MEDICINE Chemist Lee Cronin is a professor of chemistry and nanoscience and chemical complexity. He founded the Cronin group who is focused on complex functional molecular architectures that are not based on biologically derived building blocks. Cronin’s idea is to “app” chemistry and by this he means making a “really cool universal chemistry set”. He speaks with confidence to a mature audience that has an interest in the future of chemistry and medicine and those who create or…

Heat conduction mechanism represents the energy loss at the particle surface due to the collisions with the surrounding gas molecules. There is no simple theory to explain the cooling mechanism of the particles. During the laser pulse, the particle achieves the peak temperature and emit thermal signal. After the laser pulse duration, the particle starts to cool down. The cooling of the particles is characterized by a decay function. The decay of LII signal provides information about the primary…

Neon is one of the world’s rare and most expensive elements. I chose Neon because of it's uniqueness. In 1898, William Ramsay and Morris Travers at University College London isolated krypton gas by evaporating liquid argon. They had been expecting to find a lighter gas which would fit a niche above argon in the periodic table of the elements. They then repeated their experiment, that time allowing solid argon to evaporate at a slow pace under reduced pressure and collected the gas which came off…

Pyrite, also known as fool's gold, is similar in color and shape to gold, and is easily mistaken for gold because it generally occurs naturally with gold. Pyrite, though, can be easily distinguished from gold by running some simple tests and doing some simple observations. Pyrite can form in many areas and shapes, the larger crystals can be perfectly formed into intriguing cubes, penetrating twins, and many other fascinating forms, while the smaller crystals can give of a shimmering or…

Loratadine (LOR) is a second generation antihistamine used to treat allergies without causing drowsiness. The activity mechanism of LOR is a competitive-reversible inhibitor of the histamine receptor tissue, and therefore, this prevents histamine binding and receptor activation [1]. LOR is a drug belonging to a class II in the biopharmaceutics classification system (BCS), which it has low solubility in water and high permeability [2]. Moreover, LOR is a weak base with a pKa of 5.0 and its…