Atmospheric thermodynamics

more pressure gauges and thermometer at various points in the system. Good insulation and shorter piping through good design planning can reduce the heat loss and gain in the system. ________________________________________ 2.3.2 VA cycle The thermodynamic calculations of the VA cycle is described by Shukla, et al. (2015) and Eastop and McConkey(2009). The designation of each character in the equations has been changed to reflect the naming of each state in figure 3. The following assumptions…

Challenges of fossil fuels 1. Not renewable energy Fossil fuels comprise of crude oil, coal and natural gas. It is not renewable and cannot be replaced. Plants and animals that existed millions of years ago became buried underneath the Earth’s surface. This formed as the fossil fuels. Since fossil fuels has limited supply, it can’t fulfil the world’s energy demand. Therefore, alternative energy source is needed to replace the fossil fuels. 2. Emission of carbon dioxide Combustion of fossil…

The electric skillet is like the electric iron thou it has a little divider surface and a cover that comes close by. The skillet gives this straightforward adjustment contrasted with the frying pan, and this completely changes how these two machines are put into utilization. The skillet can likewise sit over a table, and it gives warmth, and it warms up inside minutes. The dividers help to contain the sustenance that is being cooked, and it's additionally perfect when cooking nourishment with…

Paragraph 1 This paper talks about how the crystal structure of FePO4will change at different ranges of temperatures. FePO4 has a crystal structure which is similar to quartz, which is made up of 2 phases at different temperatures. At low temperature, FePO4 will demonstrate α phase till the transition temperature of 980K before demonstrating the β phase. Space group of α phase FePO4 is said to be P3121, thus suggesting it has a trigonal structure. As for β phase FePO4, the space group will be…

There are many definitions of thermal comfort, which depends on the aims and expectations of those who defined it (Chappells, and Shove, 2004). Jiao (2010) stated that, the rate at which human body gain and lose energy, and also the state of comfort is satisfactory once all heat flow in and out of the body are in equilibrium. Also, (ASHRAE 2004), described it as “the state of mind that expresses satisfaction with the surrounding environment.” This definition highlights subjective and…

Lattice Dynamics 2.1 Introduction The discussion has been done in chapter1 about the nature crystal structure of Silicon Carbide and its properties was under the equilibrium condition, which means the location of each atom is restricted at its lattice site. The vibration of atoms about their equilibrium sites will be considered in this chapter. The fundamental reason of this vibration is thermal and the lowest achievable energy (i.e. zero-point energy). The forces acting on atoms tend to always…

The theoretical concepts that underlie the Hot Ice experiment involve a supercooled, supersaturated aqueous solution becoming a solid. When a liquid is cooled beyond its freezing point but remains liquid is known as supercooling or undercooling, and being supersaturated occurs when the solutes in a solution exceed the saturation point. The sodium acetate in a supercooled state will rapidly change into a solid with the addition of physical energy or a nucleation site. During the transformation of…

Thermodynamics of Cheetos Purpose: to analyze the caloric content of snack foods, by determining the calories of heat given off by a Cheeto, or other snack foods, as it burns. Procedure: The food sample (Cheeto) was placed on a food holder, and the initial combined mass of the food holder and the Cheeto was measured and recorded. Using a graduated cylinder, 50-100 milliliters (ml) of water was measured and added to an empty soda can that was cut in half and cleaned. The soda can was…

In order to understand this experiment we will investigate key components of it. First, we will explore the history of a basketball. By knowing its history, we will have an exceptional grasp on, of how basketball has evolved over time. Afterwards we will learn about different types of basketballs and their exterior and interior materials. By being familiar with this we can predict what is propelling to happen in the experiment. Third, we will investigate Charles Law. This will aid us to…

The purpose of this experiment has been met and all heat changes in each part of the experiment were measured. In Part I we had to calculate the specific heat (SH) and the atomic mass of a metal. In this case, Copper was examined and the specific heat of Copper was calculated to be 0.262 J/g℃, even though the actual specific heat is 0.387 J/g℃. The percent error of that calculation is 32.299%. A considerable reason for this error is inaccurately reading the thermometer to the tenth degree digit…