Atmospheric thermodynamics

Purpose The purpose of this experiment is to confirm the functional relationship of Boyle’s law through the use of a manometer. The two parts of this experiment will determine the number of moles of oxygen and the second part will determine the number of moles of nitrogen, that will lead to determine the value of R by measuring P, V, and T. Theory/Principles A physical law such as Boyle’s law states that P, the exerted fixed mass of gas at a constant temperature and V, the volume have a…

Ciminelli and Osseo-Asare, 1995; Lowson, 1982). Anderson (1951) reported 26 kJ/mol in the study of oxidation kinetics of galena (PbS) while Stenhouse and Armstrong (1952) reported an activation energy of 20 kJ/mol for the alkaline oxidation of pyrite. Koslides and Ciminelli (1992) suggested that during alkaline oxidation of sulphides, there is a change from chemical (activation energy > 40 kJ/mol) to diffusion (activation energy < 40 kJ/mol) control as the rate determining step when…

Abstract In this study equilibrium isotherms, kinetics and thermodynamics of ciprofloxacin on seven sediments in a batch sorption process were examined. The effects of contact time, initial ciprofloxacin concentration, temperature and ionic strength on the sorption process were studied. The Kd parameter from Linear sorption model was determined by linear regression analysis, while the Freundlich and Dubinin–Radushkevich (D–R) sorption models were applied to describe the equilibrium isotherms by…

of the refrigeration process is to pass it out elsewhere in order to fulfill the desired purpose of lessening temperature of that particular place or space. Another aim is to maintain a desired lower temperature. According to the Second Law of Thermodynamics, heat does not pass from the cold place to warm place without the assistance of an outer agent. Therefore, a refrigerator needs to have an outer agent to operate it smoothly. The usual refrigeration process comprises the compressor’s input…

Symmetry Writing Exercise Paragraph 1 The research paper written by J. Haines, O. Cambon and S. Hull aims to understand how Iron III phosphate (FEPO4) behaves under high temperatures and at which temperature would we start to observe structural transition of Iron III phosphate. As found by the researchers, the temperature where one is able to witness a structural change of Iron III phosphate, a transition from α-β would be at the temperature of 980K. As the researchers have highlighted, there…

INTRODUCTION: Exercise 3.1 - Osmosis: Toward the start of lab, we found out about diffusion which can happen as active transport or passive transport. Diffusion is known as delivering a net development of solute particles from locales of higher focus to districts of lower concentration. Active transport is the development of an atom over the plasma layer. Active transport is when atoms move against their focus slopes. We discovered that dynamic transport requires vitality, and the motivation…

3.2 N2O decomposition over Cs-doped Cu50Ce50Ox catalysts Fig.8. Conversion of N2O over different Cs-doped Cu50Ce50Ox catalysts Conditions: 2600 ppm N2O, balance He, 0.3 Mpa, GHSV-19,000 h-1. Fig.9. The T50 and T100 of different Cs-doped Cu50Ce50Ox catalysts The activities of the catalysts with different Cs content for N2O decomposition are shown in Fig.8, and the T50 and T100 (the temperature at which 50% and 100% conversion of N2O decomposition is achieved) are shown in Fig.9. It’s found…

2.2. Instrumentation The residual concentration of metal ion in the filtrate were analyzed by GBC, Sensaa Series Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (computerized AAS) with air-acetylene flame under the optimum instrumental conditions as shown in (Table 1). The solution pH was measured using digital pH meter (Hanna instrument model HI 8519, Italy). Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra were measured on Nicolet is 10 FTIR spectrometer in the range of (4000 to 400 cm-1). Scanning electron…

Mathematical model Heat and mass transfer properties of counter flow wet cooling tower are obtained through the balance of mass and energy equations. The assumptions made for deriving the governing equations are listed below [14, 15]: • Heat and mass transfer take place only normal to the flow direction. • Heat transfer to the environment through the walls are negligible. • Heat transfer from cooling-tower fan is negligible. • Specific heats of water and dry air are constant. • Heat and mass…

1. Insulator is a material that does not transmit heat, sound or electricity from one end to another. It hinders the free flow of electrons from atom to atom and molecule to molecule. This is because the electrons are tightly bond to the atoms leaving no space for there to be any free electrons to transmit electrical energy. Examples of insulators are glass, rubber, wood and paper. Conductor is an object or type of material that can transmit heat, sound, light or electricity. It does this by…