Atheroma

1. Discuss the pathophysiology related to CVA due to thrombus vs. embolus. Describe the stages in the development of an atheroma. There are a few different pathophysiologies that can lead to a stroke. The most common cause of a stroke is from atheroma, or plaque buildup on the artery wall leading to narrowing and then finally an infarction of the brain, or a stroke (VanMeter & Hubert, 2014, p. 347). The progression of an atherosclerosis, starts with damage to the endothelium of the artery…

Any concerned person in today’s society who does not want to have a life threating disease will not like the sound of cardio vascular diseases. How would you feel if one of your family members or children gets a heart disease? How would someone feel if their mother dies because she was too obese and a smoker? Losing someone really close to you is never a welcoming feeling nor preventable. As told by The American Heart Association cardiovascular diseases have been puzzling scientist for over 60…

In a clinic, an individual is educated about their conditions and development from self-managing such as a diet, exercise and medication. It makes sure that individual is receiving a suitable follow-up care. An individual is encouraged to put themselves goals to change the lifestyle. Coronary heart disease cannot be cured however there is treatment available to control the indications and decrease the possibility of more difficulties. A mixture of lifestyle changes, medicine, and surgery can…

3. Nanomedicine in the treatment of cardiovascular disease 3.1 Intervention in cardiovascular disease with liposome Delivery of therapeutics to targeted tissues is possible through the design and construction of nanoscale particles while reduced toxicity as well as higher efficiency is obtainable [67,68]. Liposomes have huge skillfulness with regard to physicochemical characteristics, permitting acclimatization of the tiny particle to dovetail to the exact biological application [69]. Building…

heart which supply the cardiac muscles with nutrients such as oxygen and glucose needed to survive [1]. Like any organ in the human body, the heart needs a constant supply of blood. Over time, fatty deposits can build up and form an atheroma on the artery lining. An atheroma is a hardened plaque caused by accumulated fatty deposits and scar tissue [2]. An…

Chapter 1 Atherosclerosis Structure of the normal artery: Cell types composing the normal artery: Endothelial Cells: The endothelial cell (EC) of the arterial intima constitutes an important contact surface with blood. It plays an important role in vascular homeostasis. This blood compatibility is due to presences of heparan sulfate proteoglycan molecules on the surface of the EC. These molecules can serve as a cofactor for antithrombin III, which inhibit thrombin. The surface of the EC also…

advanced stages of atherosclerosis and for their diagnosis.5 But when biomarker levels combine with enhanced imaging techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound measurements, and electron beam tomography, they will give a clear view of the atheroma size and the level of atherosclerotic tissue damage.4…

Introduction Within the United Kingdom, the prominent cause of death has been coronary heart disease. Coronary heart disease is the gradual accumulation of atheroma, which ultimately obstructs the heart from oxygenated blood as the blood vessels become narrow. The likelihood of having coronary heart disease is associated with numerous risk factors, ranging from smoking to ethnic background (NHS Choices, 2014). However, this essay will only focus on the aspects of psychosocial and behavioural or…

Introduction The cardiovascular system provides appropriate organ and tissue perfusion at rest and at times of stress by regulation of blood pressure (BP). BP can be expressed as the product of cardiac output (CO) and peripheral resistance. The arterial pressure level at any given time reflects the composite activities of the heart and the peripheral circulation.(Jones, 2004). Nervous system, hormonal and Kidney factors control blood pressure. 1. Nervous System 1.1 CO – Cardiac output CO…

Inactivity as a risk for CVD If you a risk factor, it does not mean you will automatically get CVD (Cardiovascular Disease) but the more risk factors you suffer from the more likely it is for you to suffer from CVD later in life unless you are motivated enough to change your lifestyle to a much balanced and healthy lifestyle. But not every risk factor is able to be modified by you deciding to life a better life. These are some non-modifiable risk factors for CVD: • Age: as a person gets older…