Assay

Below I will write about three of these methods and briefly explain how each method tests for the presence of EDC’s and their degree of feasibility. Whole organism assay: This method is used to measure the physical effects of the disruptors on various wildlife such as amphibians, fish, birds and insects. Presence is determined by noting any deformities, reproductive deficiencies and/or developmental response in offspring…

A flow cytometry based micronucleus test and AhR activation assay were used to assess the effect of PAHs and metals mixtures on genotoxicity and metabolism, respectively. The mixture induced changes in the cell cycle parameters were also assessed. Binary to quaternary mixtures of B[a]P and metals increased the MN…

CRP was identified from patients with acute pneumococcal pneumonia at the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research (Tillett and Francis, 1930), a name that reflects its reaction with the C-polysaccharide of Pneumococcus. This pentameric protein with MW 118 kDa has five non-covalently bonded and non-glycosylated identical subunits of 206 amino acids each to form a disk-shaped pentagon (Fig. 1). CRP has been proven as an early indicator of infectious or inflammatory conditions as well as a…

includes a variety of techniques, some of which are unfamiliar, thus, providing me with the chance to learn. Moreover, the choice to include multiple techniques to prove one main point makes the author’s conclusions more convincing, as all of their assays worked in synergy. The findings of this paper may be able to suggest potential gene therapies for leukemia patients with normal karyotype but mutated NPM1 gene. Perhaps, siRNA targeted against the mutated gene or its restoration can inhibit…

cholesterol and alkaline phosphates levels were assessed and changes in testicular histology was associated with the control rats. Progestogenic activity assay was achieved by pregnancy maintenance test in female Sprague dawley rats. Clauberg Assay (endometrial proliferation) was performed on female imatured rabbits. Pregnancy maintenance and clauberg assay was achieved to investigate the probable progestational or antiprogestational mechanism of antifertility in immature female rabbits.…

Carbohydrates are macronutrients which can be found in all types of food. A carbohydrate molecule contains carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen (Yacoub, n.d.). When found in food, carbohydrates can be starch, sugar, and fiber. Carbohydrates can either have simple or complex forms. For example, glucose, a sugar, is a monosaccharide; these are carbohydrates in their simplest form (Timberlake, 2006). When only a few of these monosaccharide are linked together, they create oligosachharides. If many of the…

using a 100uL-1000uL micropipette and micropipette tips. The first was the blank solution that only contained 800 microliters of distilled water and 200 microliters of the BioRad protein assay reagent. The second fraction was made with 200 microliters of distilled water, 600 microliters of the BioRad protein assay reagent, and 200 microliters of Bovine serum albumin standard solution (BSA). The following fractions had the amount of water used decrease by 200 microliters and the amount of BSA…

The transportation of the gas and nutrients in the blood is brought about by angiogenesis through the vascular network. It is therefore a physiologic process important to mechanisms like wound healing, menstruation, tissue growth and embryonic development (Griffioen & Molema, 2000). Endothelial cells which line the blood vessels are in direct contact with blood. Below the layer of endothelial cells, the pericytes (structural support cells) surround the blood vessels along with fibroblasts,…

Influenza is a highly contagious respiratory infection caused by the influenza virus. The illness can range from mild to severe, and can infect people of all ages, races, genders, and sizes. Generally, the illness is not life threatening in most people, but certain groups are at higher risk of requiring hospitalization or even dying from influenza. These at-risk groups of people include young children, the elderly, and people with compromised immune systems. The CDC estimated that there were “25…

Phyllanthus niruri Extracts of Phyllanthus niruri have been studied for biological activities in various animal models and in vitro models and reported to possess significant antimicrobial, antiviral, hepato protective, antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antiplasmodial, antiurolithiatic and diuretic. The phytochemical studies were characterized and the presence of various compounds such as lignans, phyllanthin, hypophyllanthin, flavonoids, glycosinoids & tannins was mentioned (Narendra…