Assay

Transcription in prokaryotes requires the formation of the holoenzyme RNA polymerase (holoRNAP), which consists of a core enzyme and a σ subunit. The core enzyme consists of 5 subunits: 2 copies of α, which assemble the enzyme and bind regulatory factors; one copy of β, which has polymerase activity of RNA chain initiation and elongation; one copy of β’, which binds nonspecifically to DNA; and omega. An active center where RNA synthesis occurs is located within the DNA binding channel formed by…

The reticulocyte count determines how fast the red blood cells are made by bone marrow and released into the blood. The coagulation factor will also be tested more in-depth including factors VII and VIII assays. On the other hand, many drugs that are in the early phase of their discovery are tested using in-vitro hepatotoxicity testing. This is the recommended method to test the compound so one can see the molecular structure of the drug. It can be tested…

Carvacrol modulates instability of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes and downregulates the expressions of PCNA, MMP-2, and MMP-9 during diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in rats Covered By: Kiauna Pinnock & Weschester Junior Nine researchers in the fields of biochemistry, nanoscience & technology and medical biotechnology from various research institutes and universities came together with an interest in Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC). HCC is one type of the malignant tumors that…

Villains that are portrayed in Shakespeare’s plays are usually shallow, confident men who feel no remorse for their actions. These criteria initially apply to Claudius, the main antagonist in Hamlet, as he delivers his “inaugural” speech honoring Old Hamlet. But after watching a play, made by Hamlet, which accurately depicts how he had murdered his brother, Claudius falls into a deeply conflicted state of mind where he questions the morality of his actions. In the soliloquy that follows the play…

chemotaxic behaviour. It is best to grow Vibrio Fischeri at 28 degrees Celsius. (DeLoney-Marino CR, 2013) Vibrio Fischeri is a heterotroph and has the ability to be anaerobic and aerobic which was determined through genome sequencing and chemical assays. One of the ways in which it is able to grow anaerobically is by using mixed-acid fermentation. (Ruby et al. 2005) Vibrio Fischeri is also oxidase positive. Location: Vibrio Fischeri is found in shallow marine environments and has a symbiont…

Leukocidins are S.aureus toxins consist of two separate monomeric subunits which have the ability to bind to leukocyte membrane forming β barrel pores that extend through the phospholipid bilayer leading to lysis of leukocyte (fig. 1). There are six known leucocidins (lukED, lukSF, HlgAB, HlgCB, LukAB/HG and LukMFʹ). All S.aureus strains can produce three types of leukocidins at least (LukAB/HG, HlgAB, and HlgCB). Also, all leucocidins can infect human except LukMFʹ which can detected on…

host endothelial cells such as entry, phagosomal escape, subsequent actin-based motility, and consequent spread to adjacent cells, cumulating in injury of the host (Maina et al 2012). Over the last two decades, the development of molecular diagnostic assays and cell culture systems has enhanced the detection of new rickettsial species, of varying degrees of virulence or unknown pathogenicity, from various arthropod vectors and humans (Raoult et al., 2005). Also the availability of complete…

My goal is to attain a career where I can express my passion for chemistry, as well as expand my mind in ways that I could never do in any other field. I am very passionate about chemistry, and I want to not only excel, but be extraordinary in the field. After graduation, I will attend a graduate program in which I will pursue a Ph. D. in Pharmacology. During my graduate years of study, I am interested in cancer treatment research. . The well-known treatment of Chemotherapy for cancer can be…

Cancer Stem Cells Stem cells play an important role in the creation of complex structures within the human body, and they can also produce tumors. The properties of stem cells have a large implementation of how cancerous stem cells survive and replicate. Elimination of these cancer stem cells presents a complex challenge because in order to remove the stem cell it must first be targeted and eradicated using critical therapeutic approaches. The properties of cancer stem cells are used to develop…

analyzed using factorial analysis of variance (ANOVA) with statistical software Dell Statistica (data analysis software system) version 12, Dell Inc, Tulsa, USA, country (2015) available from http://www.Software.dell.com. The data from total GSH and ROS assays were analyzed using “one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s multiple comparison tests with GraphPad Prism version 6.00 for Windows (GraphPad Software, La Jolla California USA, http://www.graphpad.com.anova using Graphpad software). The effect…