Aspergillus

What is a laccase? Laccases (EC 1.10.3.2, benzenediol: oxygen oxidoreductase) are monomeric, dimeric or tetrameric glycoproteins that are typically extracellular and categorized as multi copper oxidases (Mate and Alcalde, 2016a).They catalyze the oxidation of compounds that are coupled with the four-electron reduction of "O" _"2" "to" "H" _"2" "O" . They are regarded as eco-friendly enzymes. Laccases have been first discovered in 1883, which makes it one of the oldest enzymes ever observed…

fat triggers hepatitis and eventually cirrhosis and liver cancer. Aflatoxin B1, a chemical made by fungus usually found in contaminated peanuts, wheat, soybeans, and grains are a risk factor for liver cancer. Aflatoxin B1 is made by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus Long term use of food products contaminated with this chemical can damage the liver cell’s DNA. Aflatoxin B1 damages the TP53 tumour suppressor gene which is a gene that controls cell division. This damage causes…

Peanut, (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an herbaceous annual plant of the family Fabaceae grown for its oil and edible nuts. Peanut plants are small, usually erect, thin stemmed with feather-like leaves. The leaves are arranged in alternate pairs with leaf-like attachments near the stalk. The peanut plant produces yellow, orange, cream or white flowers which produce 'pegs', characteristic floral structures which sink into the ground to grow the pod. The pods could be reaching up to 10 cm (4 in) in…

Abstract: Mold is a type of fungus that obtains its energy from the organic matter it feeds and lives on. Mold possesses enzymes that break down biopolynomers which are absorbed by hyphae. I am going to determine whether mold grows at a higher rate of abudance higher temperatures rather than in low temperatures. The bread will be kept in different environments at different temperatures to observed the time taken for the mold to appear. Hypothesis: Bread mold will in grow at a more abundant…

molding. Penicillin has mold in it, many people take penicillin when they are sick. Mold can be harmful to livestock it can grow in the corn and cause parasites. The common types of mold that grow in your home can be aspergillus, cladosporium, and black mold. Aspergillus can be found in food and they are also found in your air conditioning systems. Mold grows outside of your house. They are found in damp and in coastal areas like San Diego. The bad thing about mold is when it settles…

Varroa destructor (Anderson and Trueman, 2000) is an obligatory ectoparasite of the honeybee (Apis mellifera L). It caused severe damage to populations of this species world-wide in recent years (Le Conte et al., 2010). The direct negative effect of the Varroa on honeybee has well documented (Weinberg and Madel, 1985; Daly et al., 1988, Wienands and Madel, 1988; Marcangeli et al., 1992; Bowen-Walker and Gunn, 2001; Contzen et al., 2004; Yang and Cox-Foster, 2005; Belaïd and Doumandji, 2010;…

Name: Rawaa Ali Fadhel ID: 201510493 Echinocandins and Flucytosine as Antifungal agents.  Echinocandins Echinocandins are the first class of antifungals which target the fungal cell wall, also was a significant achievement in antifungal chemotherapy. Echinocandins discovered during the search for new antibiotics, as fermentation metabolites with antifungal activity. Three semi-synthetic echinocandin derivatives have been developed for clinical use: • caspofungin, • micafungin, •…

NAME UKAH R.C MATRIC NUMBER NSC/2014/887 COURSE CODE PCL 304 ASSIGNMENT : QUESTION NUMBER 1: LIST THE PRINCIPLES OF CHEMOTHERAPEAUTIC RESISTANCE Introduction: PRINCIPLE : Principle is an essential factors or elements that may have impact on the survival mechanism, which may either be from environment or the person taking the drugs or factor participating may engineer drug resistance. RESISTANCE: It is reduction in…

Pectinase is one of the widely used enzymes in the food and enzyme industry. It is an enzyme group that comprises polymethylgalacturonase (PMG), polygalacturonase (PG), and pectin lysase. These enzymes are used in degradation of pectic substances, which involves deesterification and depolymerization reactions. Pectic substances are the major structural component found in plant’s cell wall and lamellae. Types of pectic substances include protopectin, pectin, pectinic acid, pectic acid and…

microbe (Mackenthun et al. 2012). Studies have also shown that this yeast can benefit pregnant and lactating mares by increasing digestion (Glade 1991; McDaniel et al 1993). Aspergillus oryzae is a fungus that has been not been studied as in depth as others. Dairy cows have been used to study this fungus. One study showed that Aspergillus oryzae increased the digestibility in the rumen, fat increased in the milk, and bacteria used to hydrolyze cellulose also increased. The same study, conducted…