Arthropod

(3) Hepatitis C virus is part of Flaviviridae family which spread the virus through arthropod vectors. Moreover, hepatitis C virus consist of “six major genotypes and more than 70 subtypes” (3). Hepatitis C virus infection usually are undetected due to none significant symptoms during initial stage. Therefore, frequent infection is prevalence…

Parasites is an animal or plant that lives in or on a host which is another animal or plant as it obtains nourishment from the host without benefiting or killing the host. Parasites may be characterized as ectoparasites, including ticks, fleas, leeches, and lice which live on the body surface of the host and do not themselves commonly cause disease in the host or endoparasites, which may be either intercellular (inhabiting spaces in the host’s body) or intracellular (inhabiting cells in the…

In order to survive under several environmental influences, animals must possess biological mechanisms which enable them to regulate and maintain their internal environment. Temperature is one of abiotic factors that are inexorably linked to every animal’s physiological functions since it is considered a strong source of selective pressure on animals (Miller, 2010). Animals are categorized into thermoregulators and thermoconformers based on their mechanisms to maintain their internal environment…

The ancient Japanese culture can be traced back to 8000 BC during the Jomon Period in Japan, although most archaeologists agree that it could go as far back as 100,000 years (“Early Japanese History”). The ancient Japanese culture is one of the most studied and historic cultures in the world. The Jomon period is known for is their advanced pottery techniques for that time period -- hence the name Jomon, which means "patterns of plaited cord” (“Ancient Japan”). The ancient Japanese culture was…

A Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) is a formal declaration by the World Health Organization (WHO). This statement designates (identify) a public health crisis of potentially global reach. If you are aware of it, you would probably know that it was declared only four times. All in the past 7 years. Starting with 2009 Swine flu, then both polio and Ebola in 2014, and last zika virus in 2016. So how these emergencies upraise? well I’m going to tell a short story, the zika…

Greek myths were created a few thousand years ago, but they still apply to many aspects of life today. Greek myths are still relevant today through words, themes in superhero stories, and brand names. Many words used today are based on Greek mythology. One of these cases is the adjective ‘tantalize’. This word comes from the story of Tantalus. In this myth, Tantalus tries to feed his son to the gods, offending the gods. Because of his actions, he is sent to be tortured in the Underworld. His…

The Skeletal System is basically the skeleton that helps support your entire body. In the skeletal system, however, there is more than one form of skeleton: the external exoskeleton of arthropods and the internal endoskeleton of vertebrates. The skeleton itself has 206 bones in the adult human body. The skeleton has two forms: the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton. The axial skeleton supports the center axis of the body and consists of the skull, vertebral column, and the rib cage…

– *Chordates are bilaterally symmetrical, which means there is a line of symmetry that divides their body into halves that are roughly mirror images of each other. *Bilateral symmetry is not unique to chordates. Other groups of animals, such as arthropods, segmented worms, and echinoderms (during the larval stage) exhibit bilateral…

The Loris lydekkerianus commonly known as the grey slender loris is part of the class Mammalia and the order primate. When observing the slender loris one may notice their large eyes. They are precisely in a forward facing position and set very close together, this feature takes up most of their faces. Their eyes are surrounded by dark grey circles of fur, which make them look even bigger than they are. Slender lorises have petite and sagittal rostrums, exceptionally slender appendages, and lack…

Increasing extensive livestock production plays a critical role in land degradation, climate change, water pollution and biodiversity loss. In order to meet the increasing demand, harvesting domesticated, small animals, including arthropods, as food and feed (mini-livestock) should be considered. Mini-livestock offers more benefits than livestock because it can reduce greenhouse gas and ammonia emissions, feed more efficiently to body mass than do conventional livestock, minimize the…