Artery

giving rise to branches that bring blood to the head, neck, and arms. Innominate artery, sometimes referred as brachiocephalic trunk begins at aortic arch (second branch) and ends at the carotid bifurcation. Innominate artery travels upward and give rise to the right subclavian artery and the right common carotid artery. It supplies blood to the right arm, head, and neck. Right Subclavian artery and Left subclavian artery, On the left side of the body the subclavian comes directly from the…

will increase the pulse pressure. But in some cases, there’s a condition where the pulse pressure is high even at rest condition. In this case, something is not right with the heart condition. This condition may be due to the stiffness of the major arteries. An example is atherosclerosis (hardening of blood vessel’s wall). CONCLUSION The major determinant of the pulse pressure is the aortic compliance and also the stroke volume. The aortic compliance is the ability of the aorta to expand once…

Blood pressure is measure of blood flow forcing against the walls of the arteries. Hypertension is a medical condition when the systolic blood pressure measures more than 140mmHg and diastolic measures more than 90mmHg. The World Health Organisation considers hypertension as a serious epidemic. According to the last estimate by WHO, 40% of the adults aged 25 and above had been diagnosed with hypertension. In 1980, 600 million people around the world had Hypertension, by 2008, there were 1…

Hyperlipidemia can be caused by a high fat diet. The fat accumulates on the arteries. This can narrow the arteries, which makes it more difficult for blood to pass through. This causes hypertension. The heart has to work harder to pump the blood through the narrowed arteries. If the coronary arteries become narrowed coronary artery disease occurs. The coronary arteries supply the heart muscle with blood. When blood is restricted to the heart chronic heart failure can…

Atherosclerosis is the process of plaque formation within medium to large arteries. The actual cause of the pathology is unknown; however, there are many risk factors that contribute to atherosclerosis including: cigarette smoking, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes…

ventricular muscle must overcome to eject blood. There is an inverse relationship between afterload and stroke volume. Factors that affect afterload include age due to stiffness and less contraction of the muscular arteries, increase of blood pressure and constriction of the arteries. The heart simply ejects all of the extra blood that filled it. However, increased in stroke volume leads to an increase in cardiac output and arterial pressure therefore the afterload of ventricles increases, over…

in one eye. The loss of vision in the affected eye may be total or partial. It usually lasts just a few seconds or minutes. Then, it returns to normal. Occasionally, it may last for several hours. This is caused by interruption of blood flow to the artery that supplies blood to the retina (lining at the back of the eye, contains nerves needed for sight). The temporary loss of blood flow causes symptoms similar to a stroke. The family of symptoms that happen from a loss of blood flow is called a…

organs; maintaining homeostasis; and transport gases, waste, and hormones. The different types of blood vessels are: arteries, capillaries, and veins. The vessels that carry blood towards the heart are veins and the vessels that carry blood away from the heart are arteries. Gas exchange occurs in the capillaries. 2. Describe the layers of blood vessels. Describe the differences between arteries and veins. The layers of blood vessels are: a hollow interior (lumen), contains an outer…

Description Angiography is a medical imaging technique used to visualize the inside of blood vessels and organs of the body, with particular interest in the arteries, veins, and the heart chambers. It is used to detect abnormalities, including narrowing (stenosis) or blockages in the blood vessels (called occlusions) throughout the circulatory system and in some organs. It is the x-ray (radiographic) study of the blood vessels. Pre Surgery Your doctor may recommend coronary angiography if you…

characterized by a remodeling of arteries leading to sub endothelial accumulation of fatty substances called plaques. The buildup of an athermanous plaque is a slow process, developed over a period of several years through a complex series of cellular events occurring within the arterial wall and in response to a variety of local vascular circulating factors. One recent hypothesis , leukocyte, such as momocyte or basophile start on to attack the endothelium of the artery lumen in cardiac…