Artery

A speculum is inserted into the vagina to clear an opening so that the cervical ostium can be localized and cleansed. A sterile saline flushed catheter is advanced through the cervical ostium into the cervical canal, where its balloon tip is inflated to hold the catheter in place. The vaginal probe can now be inserted while a sterile saline filled syringe is attached to the catheter. The saline is pushed through the syringe and through the catheter while the transducer moves from left to right…

a stethoscope. Typically, these sounds come from the abnormal motion of blood amid cardiac chambers and across valves. As a result, turbulence occurs, bringing about “vibrations in the chambers of the heart or outflow vessels (aorta or pulmonary artery) that are detected as audible, low-frequency sounds,” (Klabunde, 2016). These sounds are different from the regular heart sounds that symbolize the closing of the atrioventricular and semilunar valves amid the cardiac cycle. Murmurs are either…

Primary Angioplasty – A Life-saving Procedure Primary angioplasty is a term used to describe an angioplasty done as a life-saving emergency procedure in a patient with an on-going heart attack [PAMI - Primary Angioplasty in acute Myocardial Infarction]. The international accepted door to balloon time intervention is within 90 minutes and 3 to 6 hours from the onset of heart attack for PAMI. Doing angioplasty in a critical patient of heart attack is in itself challenging and doing so in the…

elevated troponins and elevated ST segments on EKG. A 2D echocardiogram showed left ventricular apical akinesis with basal hyperkinesia. He had a coronary angiogram completed, and it showed no stenotic arteries, however they also injected ergonovine which appeared to cause a right coronary artery spasm. The patient was treated with calcium channel blockers and nitrates. A follow up two weeks later showed normal wall motion as well as a sigmoid septum, and normal systolic function. He was…

The vertebral and the carotid artery nourish a collection of blood vessels called the circle of Willis. The carotid artery supplies blood to most of the cerebral hemispheres. It runs up the lateral sides of the neck, then splits into the anterior cerebral artery and the middle cerebral artery. The anterior cerebral artery supplies blood to the medial surface of the frontal and parietal lobes as well as the corpus callosum. The middle cerebral artery supplies the lateral portions of the…

atherosclerosis in the arteries. Evidences show that continue to experience stress could leads to heart attack or…

Non-ST Segment Elevation Heart Attack A heart attack occurs when a blood vessel on the surface of the heart (coronary artery) is blocked and interrupts blood supply to the heart muscle. This causes that area of the heart muscle to permanently scar. This blockage may be caused by cholesterol buildup (atherosclerotic plaque) within a coronary artery. The plaque cracks which creates a rough surface where blood cells attach, forming a clot. Chest discomfort that happens with exertion and goes away…

lead to Pulmonary Hypertension (PHTN), PHTN is a type of blood pressure that affects the arteries in your lungs and the right side of your heart. When lower extremities are horizontal for long lengths of time, the flow of the venous blood slows and blood can pool in the legs, causing blood clots. The blood clots come from deep veins in your legs, occurs most often when a blood clot gets wedged into an artery in your lungs which is a Pulmonary Embolism (PE). We will be talking about the symptoms,…

Atherosclerosis is a cardiovascular disease whereby the arteries harden as a result of fatty deposits also known as plaque.Ather\o prefix meaning yellowish, fatty plaque and -sclerosis suffix meaning hardening. (Tsutsumi, n.d.).One of the main contributing factors towards this disease is high levels of cholesterol. The fatty deposit, plaque, grows steadily including both fibrous connective tissues. As the plaque accumulates, the walls of the arteries thicken and stiffen, and the obstruction of…

Ischemic heart disease is when there is a partial blockage of the coronary arteries, which can result in not having enough oxygenated blood. Symptoms such as chest pain and shortness of breath arise from this CVD. Cerebrovascular disease, also known as a stroke, indicates an issue with the circulation of blood in the blood vessels…