Artery

The blood is a fluid connective tissue which is unlike most connective tissues taking form in solid aggregation of cells. With this characteristic, it is able to serve specialized functions for the body. First of the many functions of the blood, it serves as the medium of distribution of oxygen and nutrients to cells in our body. The hemoglobin found in the erythrocytes of the blood are the oxygen carriers that will bind oxygen from air inspired and will release it to the cells once the blood…

Hydrocephalus is a medical condition in which there is cerebrospinal fluid in the brain. This cause increases pressure inside the skull and may cause enlargement of the head if it occurs in the childhood, it can cause convulsions, mental disability and tunnel vision. It can also be called “Water on the brain.” Hydrocephalus can be inherited or acquired factors. This includes Spina Bifida, Craniosynostosis and Vein of Galen malformations. For acquired causes hemorrhage,head trauma,tumors and…

Decompression Sickness Decompression sickness, also known as "the bends," occurs when a person moves from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure too quickly. Decompression sickness is considered a medical emergency. CAUSES This condition is caused by gas bubbles that form in your blood and tissues when air or water pressure changes from high to low too quickly. The gas enters your blood when you are in an area of high pressure. Moving from to an area of low pressure too fast does…

Database and Assessment Table 1 – Physical Nursing Assessment Data GENERAL: Patient is an 88 year-old Caucasian male. Vital signs stable at 97.3°F, 82BPM, 22 breaths/min, 84/54mmHg, 100% on 1.5lL O2, 0/10 pain, patient weight 58kg. SKIN/HAIR/NAILS: Skin was thin and fragile, warm and moist, skin color slightly pale, skin tear on left upper arm measuring 3 inches, no bleeding or pain. Mucous membranes are moist. Fingernails trimmed and clean. Toenails were thick and had a yellowish color to…

Rosacea is a skin condition that causes redness and small red bumps to appear around the face. The primary cause of rosacea is unknown. However, it often begins with people who blush easily. Then, it slowly spreads to the rest of the face. The flushed faces begin when facial blood vessels dilate, causing the blood flow near the face to increase, thus reflecting a red toned face. Depending on the person living with rosacea, environmental factors and lifestyle choices can intensify the redness.…

Varicose veins are caused by venous insufficiency, which means the veins are not moving the blood properly. This is a common condition, especially for women over 50 years and men over 70 years. However, varicose veins do occur in younger people. Treatment for varicose veins is aimed at removing the unsightly vein as well as correcting the underlying cause. It is important to consider venous treatment at the first sign of venous insufficiency, so the problem does not develop into a serious issue.…

Introduction Clyde Crimeson is a 45-year-old male, admitted to the emergency room after falling in his home. He presents a wound located at his right foot with reddened edges, in addition to a hairline fracture. He is a diabetic with a history of forgetfulness and episodes of falls. Functional Patterns The pattern of Nutritional Metabolic is dysfunctional. The following data supports this assessment: The patient has a wound on his right foot. The wound is not drainage but has reddened edges.…

1. Anatomy of the trachea and bronchi. The trachea (Fig.1) is a cartilaginous and membranous tube, extending from the lower part of the larynx, on a level with the sixth cervical vertebra, to the upper border of the fifth thoracic vertebra, where it divides into two main bronchi, one for each lung. The trachea is nearly but not quite cylindrical, being flattened posteriorly; it measures about 11 cm. in length; its diameter, from side to side, is from 2 to 2.5 cm., being always greater in…

Measurement of diffusing capacity (DLCO) One of the most clinically lung function test is diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO). In addition it's known as the transfer factor of the lung for CO (TLCO). This test measures the capability of the lungs to transmit gas from inhaled air to the pulmonary capillaries in the red blood cells and to determine the efficiency of the lungs to exchange gases. The indication of using this test is to recognize the cause of hypoxemia and…

The effect of different breathing patterns on alveolar gas compositions. Introduction Ventilation is the process where the exchange of oxygen (O2) from the air into the lungs and carbon dioxide (CO2) from the blood into the external environment (Silverthorn, 2013). Respiration is essential for all living organisms to survive. Breathing is part of physiological respiration and is required to sustain life. Our lungs are composed of small sacs called alveoli which facilitate the movement of oxygen…