Artery

The second device is the implantable cardioverter defibrillator(ICD), which works by noticing when the heart is converting into an unwanted rhythm and shocking the heart until it returns to its normal rhythm. Although an ICD has some similarities to the pacemaker it also has some big differences. The pacemaker and ICD are both implanted the same way, just under the skin of the chest or in the abdomen. Implanting the device is a minor procedure today and is common. Most people only need to stay…

Heartburn is a common ailment across the globe that is unpleasant, and, if it is not treated, could potentially have severe negative effects on the body. The stomach is filled with a highly acidic fluid that assists in the breakdown of foods. The stomach is able to contain this acid because it has a special lining preventing the tissue from being burned by the low pH. The esophagus, a tube that connects the throat to the stomach, does not have that lining, and therefore is in danger of being…

Chronic heart failure is a disorder where the heart weakens and therefore the heart is unable to fill and pump blood as well as a healthy heart. Conditions that overstrain the heart muscle can lead to heart failure (5). The main causation of chronic heart failure is a heart attack which results in damage to the muscle of the left ventricle (8). In addition cardiomyopathy (chronic disease of the heart muscle) may cause heart failure; this may perhaps be initiated by a viral infection…

Observation: The cardiovascular system is responsible for getting the constant supply of oxygen the body needs to the tissues that need it. It also helps removes carbon dioxide, a waste product, from tissues and transports it to the lungs where it's removed when breathes out. Since the cardiovascular system’s roles are vital, people need to take good care of their hearts in order to maintain a healthy lifestyle. The purpose of this investigation is to determine whether teenagers can improve…

carefully in the home; the care team provided instructions to Jill on how to store the oxygen correctly. See appendix 2 for side effects and more information about oxygen. Fortunately, Jill was a non-smoker and her four litres of oxygen seemed to be working for her. Unfortunately, Jill was overweight at 115 kg which had to be addressed and probably assisted in the maturation of her CHF. Furthermore, it did not help with her shortness of breath as moving around with her physique was not easy and…

Malignant mesothelioma is considered as an aggressive form of cancer and giving out accurate prognosis is not that easy. Prognosis for patients diagnosed with malignant mesothelioma is somehow discouraging since it has a long latency period. In most cases, it is only identified when it is in a radical stage already. What is malignant mesothelioma? It is a rare tumor of mesothelial cells and it mostly affects the pleura (the lining that shields the lungs). Most people diagnosed with…

Pericarditis A. Etiology – The most common causes of pericarditis are either that it is idiopathic (unknown origin), or due to a viral infection. Other causes include: trauma, a myocardial, infarction, other types of infection, or other inflammatory conditions. B. Pathophysiology – This pathology is the inflammation of the pericardium of the heart. This inflammation causes narrowing of the pericardial space, which may also cause scarring. If left untreated this may lead to pericardial effusion,…

Life or Death? A fourteen year old boy was undergoing surgery when his heart suddenly stopped. Otherwise known as cardiac arrest. Cardiac arrest is when the heart stops all electrical activity, eventually stopping the heart muscle from contracting. When the heart stops beating, the whole body including the brain does not receive oxygen. If the brain lacks oxygen for, ten to fifteen minutes, there could be permanent brain damage. It is crucial that the heart starts beating or someone starts…

In the United States, there are usually between 100,000 and 200,000 Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) ruptures per year. (Osborne. M, 2012) (Why do females injure their knees four to six times more than men…and what can you do about it?) (ucdenver.edu) An ACL injury is the most common injury in female athletes. Female athletes are more prone to having an ACL injury because of the lack of muscle strength and control of their (Chang. W, 2014; Joseph et al., 2014). This injury can lead to…

Cardiac Differentiation Using BMP4 and CHIR99021 Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide with approximately 600,000 deaths in the U.S. only. One of the major difficulties with heart diseases is the heart’s failure to produce new and healthy cells in a timely manner. Unfortunately, the heart lacks the ability to quickly generate new tissue composed of viable cells, leading to patient death. Cardiovascular progenitor cells (CVPCs) are believed to be highly useful in…