Arterial catheter

Catheter placement is extremely vital for any animal when they are about to go under anaesthetic, this allows the immediate effect of Intravenous drugs and fluids to be administered at the specific times needed and reduces stress in the animal. In Jess’s case placing a catheter was very important, due to her age it allowed instant venous access; should there have been any complications during surgery. Generally catheters are placed in the medial saphenous veins in both cats and dogs to allow…

situation in early postcardiopulmonary bypass patients. Diuretics and vasodilatation with nitritrates or nitroglycerin can augment cardiac output by reducing afterload. Nitroglycerine effectively causes venodilation with doses lower than 50 µg/min and arterial dilation at doses higher than 50 µg/min. Remember that the patient can develop tolerance for nitroglycerin after 16–24 hours of infusion. ACE inhibitors, though used widely for chronic management of heart failure, should not be used in…

Heart Disease in Women and their Unique Symptoms of a Heart Attack Introduction: Heart attacks are a very serious condition of the human body that require immediate attention. Heart attacks are known in the medical community as myocardial infarctions: myo- means muscle, cardio- means heart, -al means pertaining to; infarct means death of tissue (med term book). The parts come together as: tissue death pertaining to heart muscle (med term book). Each year, around one and half million cases of…

not yet established in the literature. Routine monitoring includes electrocardiography, pulse oximetry, capnography, temperature and urine output monitoring. There are many authors who recommend invasive blood pressure monitoring by indwelling arterial catheter in all patients, irrespective of their age 18.Abrupt changes in cerebral blood flow due to changes in intracranial pressure (ICP) is possible during the procedure. Transcranial Doppler is the fastest and most reliable method to detect any…

TERMINOLOGY CLINICAL CLARIFICATION • Systemic illness due to microbial infection that can lead to acute organ dysfunction or failure and associated with host immune response to infection CLASSIFICATION • There is a disease continuum with increasing severity if not treated or not responsive to treatment o Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) - Documented or suspected infection with systemic manifestations of infection - Clinical response to a nonspecific insult of either infectious or…

along a continuum from deep vein thrombosis, to Phlegmasia Alba Dolens (PAD), into Phlegmasia Cerulean Dolens, finally ending in gangrene. Phelgmasia Alba Dolens is extensive thrombosis occluding major deep venous channels. Subsequent compromise of arterial flow causes edema, pain, and a white appearance (alba) of the extremity. What differentiates PCD from PAD is occlusion extending into collateral veins. This results in worsening venous congestion, leading to acute significant edema. Blood…

When arterial access is avoided, aortoangiogram still can be achieved utilizing the venous access. For example, a 4-Fr introducer sheath can be tracked over a 0.025-inch guidewire across the right ventricle into the pulmonary artery. Then, it can be manipulated…

Introduction Blood pressure is the pressure of the blood in the circulatory system. In the early 1600’s William Harvey began to learn and talk about the circulatory system. The circulatory system is the system that circulates blood throughout the body and also transports materials like nutrients through the body. In 1733 Stephen Hales was the first to know about the concept of blood pressure. He inserted a pipe into a horse’s artery and connected the pipe to a glass tube. He noticed that blood…

Even though complications of fistula access are far less than a graft or a catheter, they do occur and need to be addressed. Complications occur in approximately one-third of fistulas and include: aneurysms, infection, stenosis, thrombosis, steal syndrome and heart failure. These complications have historically been classified as early and late failure. The etiology of both early and late are somewhat similar because if the cause is not diagnosed early on it may progress and lead to late access…

Peripheral artery disease (PAD), also known as arterial occlusive disease, is the obstruction or narrowing of aortic passages--including lumen and its major branches. This blockage interrupts blood flow, usually to the feet and legs. The prognosis will vary depending on the occlusion's site. The symptoms vary depending on the location of the occlusion. For example: in femoral arteries, having pain in the feet, no pulse in ankles and feet, and pallor or coolness in legs are symptoms.…