Artaxerxes I of Persia

This theory is arguable one of the most famous and well known alternative theories in explaining the arrivals of Ezra and Nehemiah. This theory was made famous by Albin Van Hoonacker.[ Ron Bracy, "An Examination of the Validity of a Fourth Century B.C. Date for Ezra and Nehemiah, and its Significance," Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary (1988): 83] This theory was primarily created to combat the various date issues and chronological issues that are in the Hebrew bible. Although Van Hoonacker had eight proofs of evidence to prove his point, this essay will discuss the most significant ones. The main components of this theory suggest that Ezra arrived in Jerusalem in the seventh year of Artaxerxes the seconds reign as king in 398 BCE, while Nehemiah arrived in the first kings reign in 445 BCE . This would mean that Ezra arrived in Jerusalem, fifty years after Nehemiah’s first arrival into the state . The theory also states that both Nehemiah and Ezra did not know each and thus they did not work together like previously suggested in the traditional view the events. One of the strongest arguments used by proponents of this theory, is presence of the “wall of Jerusalem” upon Ezra’s arrival. Ezra in his prayers mentions a wall that is surrounding the city and protecting it,thus keeping it peaceful.[ H. G. M Williamson, Ezra and Nehemiah, (Sheffield: JSOT for the Society for Old Testament Study, 1987):60-61] But this is a contradictory…

The rebuilding of the Jews Second Temple inspired by God through Zerubbabel, Ezra and Nehemiah during the Persian period (as a consequence of the destruction of the First Temple by the Babylonian empire), starting in 537 B.C. finishing with his destruction in A.D. 70; marked the beginning of Israel return after 70 years of exile to Jerusalem. Meanwhile, a few years before, the Israelites wandered through the wilderness for 40 years after being free from 400 years of slavery by God. He instructed…

Much of what we know about the Persians and their writings comes from an outsider writing about them. A true historian, Herodotus, whose famous book “The Persian Wars” talks about Persians a lot. The Persian Achaemenid dynasty was founded in 539 BCE by King Cyrus the Great. Cyrus took his nomadic warriors and conquered most of Mesopotamia, including The Babylonians. His son, Darius the First, extended Persian control east to the Indus Valley, west to Egypt, and north to Anatolia. The…

Society Kings Reigns Cyrus: 560-530 BC Darius: 522-486 BC Xerxes: 486-465 BC Artaxerxes: 465-425 BC What was Susa? Susa was originally the capital of Elam, located in a fertile agricultural area. Darius I is credited with transforming the city into the administrative capital for the Persian kings. It was accessible to Babylon, Ecbatana and the eastern parts of the empire. Identify three Royal Palaces in this period Susa, Pasargadae and Persepolis Who or what was Bel Marduk? Bel…

Instead of only allowing a selected few to govern their city, free Athenian men were able to accept of decline laws that were proposed by a council of 500 members that also supervised major governmental committees. While citizens were able to vote, ten archons regulated the polis and handled all military and legal controversies. To secure themselves from Persian Empire, Athens formed the Delian League (477 B.C.E.). Since there was no danger of Persia after the Greco-Persian war, the…

no surrender from the city. Failing to conquer the city, encouraged by his father-in-law, Histiaeus, and fearing punishment from King Darius I of Persia, Cyrus’ son, he incited and led a rebel against Persian rule. He encouraged the Ionian cities to overthrow their Persian tyrants. Knowing that Darius would retaliate soon, Aristagoras sent representatives to Greece to ask for support. The Spartan King Cleomenes refused to help after viewing the map the Ionians brought over of the Persian…

Alexander the Great is one of the world’s greatest rulers to date. Born in the Macedonian capital of Pella, his father Philip II was the newly appointed king. Throughout his youth, Alexander received the best education a person of his stature could obtain. In his early teens he studied under Aristotle, a great philosopher recognized in modern times. He was also schooled in military values and war strategies. At 16, Alexander was given control of Macedonia while his father partook of expanding…

Long ago, around 550 BCE(GeaCron) what would become the biggest empire was born. This empire had many rulers, like any empire, but the first ruler’s tactics of ruling were oddly similar. From Cyrus, the “great king of persia”, to Xerxes, the feared ruler of Persia you can see lots of similarities and differences between these ruler’s tactics. One example of how the Persian ruler’s tactics were similar were between the first ruler, Cyrus, and one of the later rulers, Darius. When it comes to…

Arrian, the Oliver Stone production Alexander, and my own research, I hope to determine for myself if Alexander is genuinely worthy of the title bestowed upon him. During my high school world civilization class Alexander became a topic of interest to me. What makes a man remarkable enough to have “the Great” added to his name? Furthermore, what motivates a man to dedicate his entire adulthood to war against foreign peoples in foreign lands? Finally, why would hundreds of thousands of…

Edin Palmar ENC1102 (TR 8:25-9:40am) Prof. Minchener 7 April 2015 The Reign of Xerxes I and the Greco-Persian Wars Xerxes I was born in 519 BC to King Darius and Queen Atossa of the Persia Empire, the strongest and most feared empire in all the land at that point. Due to the Persian kings always being greatly involved in the wars, the king was to appoint an heir to succeed him in case he dies in battle. Questions immediately arose about who would be the next king of the Persia. Two candidates,…