Aromatic hydrocarbon

Apart from guava’s nutritional value, flavor of guava is also one of the most distinguishable characteristics of this tropical fruit. Studies on guava volatile compounds have been made using leaf, skin, fruit and fruit puree. The first publication was made on the volatile components of guava in 1970. The compounds from guava fruit were extracted using distillation. Twenty-two compounds were present in the oil: eight alcohols, six esters, three aldehydes four terpenes, one ketone and an alcohol.…

1.4.9 Kinetics and metabolism Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons are lipophilic compounds that are readily absorbed from the lungs following inhalation, the gastrointestinal (GI) tract following ingestion and the skin following dermal exposure (ASTDR, 1995). In humans, it was reported that B(a)P measured in the lungs following inhalation of soot particles was much lower than expected. This may be due to the ability of the pulmonary epithelial cells to metabolise B(a)P thereby facilitating its…

The average person today will fill up their vehicles with different grades of petrol, because that is what the common vehicle takes. They normally don’t consider a substitute for the petrol that they fill up their cars with. Although petrol is the most common, it isn’t the only source of power for a car; electricity and diesel can be used instead of the general petrol that powers most automobiles. Although they differ from each other, electricity and diesel are replacements to the average petrol…

was raised to over 100%, which indicates that water may forms 50% of the gaseous products. Moreover, the results illustrates that Ru/CeO2 catalyst assists to improve hydrogenation reactions and inhibit dimers information such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Guan et al have explained that the reason for inhibition of dimers and PAHs is that phenol hydrogenation produces cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone radicals, which likely to be absorbed to the decreased surface of Ru before reacting with…

Benzene is the simplest aromatic hydrocarbon that is represented with the formula C6H6. It was discovered in 1825 by a British scientist, Michael Faraday, who extracted it from crude oil by applying pressure, and named it “Bicarburet of hydrogen”. However, its chemical synthesis did not start until in 1843, Charles Mansfield, discovered a method to extract benzene from coal tar. Since its industrialization, benzene is produced and used in many industrial processes. Today, plastics, resins, dyes…

This chapter discusses about the health hazard and hygiene in the workplace. Hazards can be found in every workplace. Hazard is generally anything that makes you in a dangerous situation. Health hazard is means that the hazard brings negative effect and harm to the health which is may cause measurable changes in the body. There are many hazard in the workplaces have the potential to harm workers short-term and long-term health result in diseases, disorders and injuries (Alison et. al., 2008).…

Cancer is known to be the most frequent cancer among the urinary tract. There has been research that shows that coffee intake has a significant relation to the risk of bladder cancer. Coffee has certain compounds such as caffeine, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and nitrosamines that can increase the risk of bladder cancer. However, other factors were inputted into the research that these results were based off of. In the research, the researchers included gender, kinds of coffee, how many…

negative environmental effects. Operated flare stacks that are improperly used, release harmful chemicals such as methane, volatile organic compounds (VOC’s), sulfur dioxide, aromatic hydrocarbons, and benzopyrene. Methane, VOC’s, and sulfur dioxide are known to exacerbate asthma and worsen other respiratory problems. Aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, and xylene are known carcinogens. Furthermore, if the flare stacks do operate by design, they can still cause harm to wildlife by…

as part of the federal Clean Air Act. In Oregon, EPA identified 14 toxic air pollutants that exceed levels of concern and that is possible to monitor (Oregon DEQ, 2015): Acetaldehyde 1,3-Butadiene Naphtalene Acrolein Chromium Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Arsenic Diesel matter Perchloroethylene Benzene Methylene chloride Trichloroethylene Essentially three steps are involved in a cost benefit analysis (Hyman, 2014): 1. Enumerate all costs and benefits of the proposed project A) Costs. •…

Industrial Revolution. Since then, the use of fossil fuels has greatly grown. Fossil fuels are any naturally occurring carbon-containing material that, when burned with air to produce heat or energy that can be converted into liquid fuels and other hydrocarbon (carbon bonded to hydrogen) products (Speight, James). There are three main types of fossil fuels, which can all be used for energy delivery: coal, oil, and natural gas. In 2012, fossil fuels made up about 87% of the world’s primary energy…