Arginine

nicotinic acid derivatives was expected. It was reported that silencing of PMT genes resulted in an increased level of putrescine and spermidine in Nicotiana sylvestris [14] and anatabine in Nicotiana tabacum [15]. Silencing of ADC, which converts arginine to putrescine and ODC which converts ornithine to putrescine also produced low nicotine plants with increased levels of anatabine in Nicotiana tabacum [16, 17]. Anatabine is a toxic alkaloid derived from nicotinic acid and is a cholinergic…

1.3.3 Lipid oxidation While not a direct outcome of proteinaceous compounds, aldehydes such as hexanal and (E)-2-nonenal have been attributed to the oxidation of lipid components present in the raw material (Aaslyng et al., 1998b). They are often present in much higher concentrations in enzyme hydrolysates and have been correlated to beany off-odours described in numerous literature. Solina et al. (2005) compared the volatile components of soy protein isolate (SPI) and acid-hydrolysed soy…

Results: In order to identify the gram negative isolate in the unknown #260 broth, I observed the bacterium under the microscope, created a stock culture, and conducted a variety of biochemical tests. First, I inoculated a blood agar plate and a MacConkey (MAC) agar plate with the unknown #260 mixed culture broth. The blood agar plate, shown in Figure 1, was inoculated using the quadrant streaking method and then incubated for 24 hours at 35 °C. In the third and fourth quadrants, two different…

HPA Axis and Stress Introduction Stress is a common occurrence for many if not all people and animals. Stress can be increased or decreased in different situations or if there are certain situations that can induce stress. The reaction caused by stress is largely impacted by the hypothalamus pituitary adrenal axis which makes the body aware of the stressor. The mind sends signals to the endocrine, nervous, and immune systems to tell them to react in a way that is proper for the specific…

Introduction Affinity Chromatography, also referred to as biospecific chromatography, is a technique of partitioning rooted in biological affinity (Dean). This practice capitalizes on complex interactions such as bond formation between enzymes and substrate, or more broadly: macromolecules and ligands. Purification is at the center of the use of affinity chromatography. In general, samples may be run through a gel that contains a corresponding component that binds with the sample at certain…

Write neatly and legibly. Copyright reserved Please turn over Life Sciences/P1 3 NSC DBE/Feb. – Mar. 2011 SECTION A QUESTION 1 1.1 Various options are provided as possible answers to the following questions. Choose the correct answer and write only the letter (A – D) next to the question number (1.1.1 – 1.1.6) in the ANSWER BOOK, for example 1.1.7 D. 1.1.1 The process in which male gametes are formed in humans is called … A B C D 1.1.2 When the first…

1.0 THE FACE 1.1 Company Background The Face which is based in Sarawak decided to introduce a product, bird’s nest facial mask, which is made by the bird’s nest, and solely based on specialized knowledge and experiences on fundamentals of skin. We have decided to export our products domestically and to international regions of the world, which is China and Korea. We choose bird’s nest facial mask as our product because it has a lot of natural nutrients which are beneficial for the consumers.…

George is a 42-year-old man that works an office job as an accountant. He was a former track star back in the day, but has now succumbed to a sedentary lifestyle. He does not exercise regularly and eats whatever he wants when he pleases. After years of this, he now has a BMI of 31 standing at 5’11’’ and weighing 220lbs. 1. Describe some of George’s health risks associated with this BMI. (200 pts; 100 words minimum) Coronary Heart Disease For people with high body mass index, their risk of…

Chapter 1 Introduction Waste generated from food industries is a source of an untapped energy which is mostly dumped inland fills whereby it releases greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. It is very difficult to treat and recycle food waste due to its composition. Food industry produces large volumes of wastes, both solids and liquid, resulting from the production, preparation and consumption of food. These wastes lead to increasing waste disposal and can pose severe pollution problems and…

Pollution is one of the most serious problems that affect our environment, and its effects on all life aspects are clear to everyone. Because of this, pollution is one of the most serious issues that all the word countries are concerned about. As time goes, the pollution problem increases and also the population growth increase. The increase in demand for water and food supplies place an increasing stress on the ground and surface water quality and quantity. One of the environmental problems…