Arabidopsis thaliana

The orthologs of candidate genes in QTL regions and their annotation in Arabidopsis were obtained from the result of BLASTn based on gene sequence. Some genes related to seed weight from papers and some searched from Arabidopsis database (https://www.arabidopsis.org/index.jsp) using key words “seed weight”, “seed size”, “cell number” and “endosperm growth”. Homologues were clustered and analyzed using the Database for Annotation Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) tool, an online…

Boechera stricta Boechera stricta, belongs to mustard family Brassicaceae. It is restricted to higher elevations and faces both abiotic (e.g. drought) and biotic stressors (e.g. herbivore) at low elevation range limits (Rushworth et al. 2011). For understanding genetic controls on ecologically, these species are very important which provide further understanding of underlying mechanisms in natural populations as compared to artificial lab experiments. Boechera stricta is widely distributed in…

Teff is the smallest grain in the world, it is ancient to Ethiopia and is used to make the Ethiopian staple Injera. Located in the eastern sub-Sahara region of Africa, with its unique cultural heritage and ancient culture, Ethiopia is one of the most beautiful countries around the globe. Unfortunately, in the past 30 years Ethiopia had been famous for drought and famine that killed thousands of its citizens. Many Ethiopian’s depend on foreign food aid due to the periodic drought they experience.…

Introduction Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) is the key enzyme for carbon fixation and four different holoenzyme form of Rubisco are found in different organisms (Tabita et al., 1999; Tabita et al., 2007). Most abundant Rubisco forms 1 consist of eight large subunits and eight small subunits are found in algae, cyanobacteria and higher plants (Shively et al., 1973). The multiple nuclear gene encoding small subunits of Rubisco is called rbcS. rbcS exists only in Rubisco…

Professor Fowler The Mode of Inheritance in Nicotiana Tabacu seeds and Albinism Introduction In plants, the chloroplast is an essential organelle for a plant cell’s primary metabolism. Productions such as CO2 fixation, manufacture of carbon skeletons and fatty acids, and synthesis of amino acids from inorganic nitrogen that is important for a plant to live and thrive. (Liu, Li, & Cheng, 2016) In addition, the chloroplast is responsible for producing the color pigment in plants because…

Title: Construction of FATTY ACID DESATURASE 2 (FAD2) gene knockouts using RNAi novel technique in the model plant Thlaspi arvense. Abstract: FATTY ACID DESATURASE 2 and FATTYU ACID ELONGASE 1 (FAE1) are the two genes of interest present in the plant pennycress. FAD2 is in the pathway that synthesizes the polyunsaturated linoleic (18:2) and linoleic (18:3) fatty acids from the monounsaturated oleic acid (18:1). Polyunsaturated fatty acids are undesirable in biodiesel because they confer…

number of genes contained within the genome or complexity of the organism. Order of magnitude is when more DNA than what is necessary to encode for proteins. The prokaryotic genome is much simpler than the complex genome of the eukaryote yet Arabidopsis thaliana has around forty times the amount of total base pairs than humans, but the same amount of protein encoding genes. Complex genomes found in the eukaryote contain introns in genes, regulatory mechanisms of genes, pseudogenes, multiple…

B) as a liquid. C) covalently bound to sugars. D) coupled to ion transport. E) via endocytosis. Answer: B Topic: Concept 35.2 Skill: Synthesis/Evaluation 25) Plants contain meristems whose major function is to A) attract pollinators. B) absorb ions. C) photosynthesize. D) produce more cells. E) produce flowers. Answer: D Topic: Concept 35.3 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 26) A cell that is most likely to retain the ability to divide, perform metabolic functions, and…

Restriction enzymes are used to manipulate DNA sequences to create recombinant DNA by first cutting up the foreign DNA in order to protect the bacteria cell against invading DNA from other organisms. The enzyme is very specific when it comes to identifying a specific DNA sequence. When the enzyme identifies the specific DNA sequence it cuts both DNA strands at specific points at the restriction site. Lastly, the DNA ligase joins the DNA from two different sources and produces a recombinant DNA…

Identification and characterization of differentially expressed gene(s) in pigeonpea genotypes in response to Helicoverpa armigera infestation Pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.)millspaugh] is an important food legume predominantly cultivated in the tropical and subtropical regions of Asia and Africa almost exclusively as a rainfed crop. It is a diploid (2n = 22), often cross-pollinated crop with a genome size of 833.07 Mbp (Varshney et al., 2012). Globally, it is cultivated on an area of 4.92 M ha…