Aquatic ape hypothesis

Statistics review: Role of statistics in animal sciences Abstract This review throws the light on applications of statistics in animal sciences, and answering the question of how are statistics playing a vital role in veterinary field and biology .Also it presents different statistical methods that can be used in different studies. The basic statistical concepts should be known. The subject of statistics includes, design of a study that it will provide the biologist with the most information…

Question 1 Null hypothesis The null hypothesis, which is symbolically expressed as H0, is a statement that indicates no difference between a parameter and a specific value or between two parameters. Alternative Hypothesis The alternative hypothesis, which is symbolically expressed as HA or H1, is a statement that indicates the presence of a difference between a parameter and a specific value or between two parameters. Decision Rules On testing the null hypothesis, two main decision rules are…

Nowadays, we are living in the new media society because of the digital devices are surrounded our lives such as the Internet, iPhone, TV… In fact, it also means we are living in the information society. According to the lecture, we access to information happens through digital technologies (Quintero, Johnson 2016, Information Society). There is no denying fact that we access the news, music, and information come from digital technologies. Meanwhile, new media society change our lifestyle; it…

the store has speculated some information about credit customers. By using the sample data of 50 credit customers, along with hypothesis testing and confidence intervals, we could determine whether manager’s speculations are convincing. Also, this report provides the summarization on the four variables of interests; income, location, number of years…

paired-samples t-test is used when you look at the differences of one group across two time periods or observation periods. ANOVA tests are used when we are examining more than two groups or more than two observation periods. Slide 3: Our null hypothesis states that no difference occurs. If we overlapped the distribution curves of the two groups or the two observation periods, we would find that they were similar in shape. Slide 4: If the differences in the mean scores between the groups or…

In this experiment, the two sets of data obtained from the same subjects were analyzed. First, the JNDs from the four subjects was pooled together and a repeated measures ANOVA analysis was performed. Then, Weber’s fractoin (JND/line length) was applied to the original data to compute the weber fraction and the same analysis test were performed. For this study, we were specifically interested on the data yielded from the Test of Within-Subjects Contrast and Effects and an ANOVA performed from…

• PSO Algorithm to generate test cases A. Initialize the population with N Particles where Program will search for optimal solution through the movement of these particles. And Set iterations counter I = 0. B. Apply Fitness function: Calculating the fitness value by calculating the percentage of this particle will share in minimizing the total processing time to find the optimal solution. C. Compare the calculated fitness value of each particle with its (lbest). If current value is better…

INTRODUCTION HYPOTHESIS The month a person is born in has an influence on their temperature tolerance. AIM • Find out most common trends on temperature tolerance. • Find out specifically the months which have the highest and lowest temperature tolerances. • Find out if month people are born in affects their temperature tolerance. MOTIVATION I have chosen this topic as it influences me every day and because it is spoken about every day as people use figures of speech exclaiming they are “summer…

(3) Equation (3) gives limit moment about 11% higher than equation (2) regardless of h. One notable point is that the above solutions depend only on bend factor(h), not on r/t and R/r. Equations (1-3) are applicable only for the pure in-plane bending moment and the effect of internal pressure is not taken in to account. Also these analytical solutions consider constant wall thickness along the contour of the pipe bend cross section. However, the most of the pipe bends are made using a forming…

From the quadrant map of ignorance management, basically we categorized as four type of ignorance cases as below 1. I know that I know(known known) 2. I don’t know that I know (unknown known) 3. I know that I don’t know (known known) 4. I don’t know that I don’t know (unknown unknown) I know that I know (known known) High level of knowledge and low level of ignorance situation which is desire level of knowledge management in organization. Employee who with high level of knowledge and low…