Applied linguistics

1 Common Punctuation Mistakes Aside from the usual spelling and grammar mistakes I unintentionally do when writing, I often incur punctuation mistakes too. Listed below are common punctuation mistakes which I often encounter. 1. The abused apostrophe Apostrophes while simple in form confuse many of its users. It would help to always remember that punctuation rules for an apostrophe first is to imply ownership; second is to turn possessive noun words that commonly end in “s” into their plural…

Chapter one 1. Preliminaries 1.1 Introduction Translation is the act of rendering a written text from one language into another. It is the action of interpretation of the meaning of a text, and subsequent production of an equivalent text, also called a translation, that communicates the same message in another language, which is why the outcome has to be close to the original meaning. If the goal of the translation is to understand the culture, it is more useful to comprehend the meaning.…

produce sounds it is one way in which humans communicate (Harrub, Thompson and Miller n.d.). Speech production mechanism involves different physiological structures that interact. Spoken language can be recognised through articulatory phonetics. Linguistic can be represented through articulator movements that in return make speech a way to transfer information. This can only happen with various parts of the chest, neck, and head. These various body parts are all part of the respiratory…

English must be mastered in order to communicate in international business meetings either virtual or face-to-face, as well as to read technical and specialized documents which cannot easily be translated into every language. For some educationists, learning other languages enables people to understand their own first language in a different way, building more sophisticated lifelong patterns (Puntis, 2011). Therefore, communication skills have always been valued in the workplace and in civic…

Language can be defined as a system of human communication, either spoken or written, consisting of the use of words in a structured and conventional way and also a system of communication used by a particular country or community (Dictionary, 2004). Brumfit refuted the earlier notions of language as simply a communication system and identified that language has five functions – personal, interpersonal, directive, referential and imagination. These functions allowed people to express feelings,…

An important competence for intercultural success is to understand and accept cultural differences. Bennett’s (1986) Developmental Model of Intercultural Sensitivity (DMIS) demonstrates the stages of interpretations of cultural difference. Figure 1. DMIS (Bennett, 1986) Hammer et al. (2003) explains that the ethnocentric stages are ‘avoiding cultural difference’ and ethnorelative stages are ‘seeking cultural difference’ and accepting it. When group members are at different stages of the DMIS…

Yes, what is Procrastination? Here are some famous definitions to the "Procrastination", Merriam‐Webster: “To put off intentionally the doing of something that should be done.” Dictionary.com: “To put off till another day or time; defer; delay.” TheFreeDictionary.com: “To postpone or delay needlessly.” However procrastination is much more than postponing something, and the concept isn’t as simple as many people think. Here’s my definition: It is just postponing what we have to do and doing…

EUROPEAN UNIVERSITYOF LEFKE WHAT IS THE IMPORTANCE OF CRITICAL PERIOD IN SECOND LANGUAGE LEARNING? WHICH ONE LEARNS BETTER AND QUICKER? ADULTS OR CHILDREN? PRESENTED BY ALMAKKI ALSABIRI ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ INTRODUCTION In the field of SLA there are a few speculations about how individuals take in a second language. At first,…

1) Smrti is one of the bodies of works mentioned in the Vedic Literature. Although it is given less importance than its other half Śruti, Smrti contains one of the most important pieces of Vedic Literature and Traditions. Smrti texts represent the remembered, which is the literal translation of the word. Therefore the Smrti texts include much of the poetic literature, epics, the texts on the four goals of human life (Dharma, Artha, Kama, Moksha) and the six Vedangas that govern language,…

Okay. Okay, so introduce yourself, name and age. My name's William Vacious Vafakos. My real name is Vacious. And how old are you? 90 years old. Okay. And where are you born? I was going in Brooklyn, New York, on Columbus Day 1927 or October 12. So what was it like growing up in Brooklyn? It was fun. It was really fun because young people don't know how hard their parents are working for them. So did you face any difficulties growing up there? No, the only difficulty I had was when I started…